Biodiesel Making & Production

Bioethanol better, more profitable than biodiesel: European producers

2010-08-03T00:18:00.000-07:00

MADRID/HAMBURG -- Cheaper, local ingredients make bioethanol more profitable and sustainable than far more widely produced biodiesel in Europe, even though it adds to a surplus of conventional gasoline while diesel remains more in demand.

"From this perspective biodiesel is complementary to the oil refinery industry in Europe whereas each ton of bioethanol would increase the surplus of gasoline," said Klaus Henschel, chief executive of Swiss-German biodiesel maker Biopetrol.

However, biodiesel has to be made from vegetable oils, which have to be mostly imported and are far more expensive than locally grown cereals, the main raw material for bioethanol, which can be blended with petrol.

EU grain trade lobby Coceral estimates the 27-country bloc will produce 284 million tons of cereal this year, or 10 times a total oilseed harvest of 28.3 million.

Several large European biofuel manufacturers see bioethanol as a better long-term business.

Spanish multinational renewable energy firm Abengoa has built just one biodiesel plant in Europe, compared with four bioethanol plants and one more under construction.

"Biodiesel is not a strategic business for us," said Javier Salgado, chief executive of Abengoa’s biofuels division, which had global revenues of €1 billion ($1.22 billion) in 2009.

"You have to import massive amounts of soya oil, palm oil. We think there is a significant Achilles heel in the [biodiesel] industry," he added.

British biofuel maker Ensus has also chosen to focus on bioethanol, of which it makes 400-450 liters a year from 1.1 million tons of wheat.

"I think you’re going to see preferential use of bioethanol in Europe because of cost and sustainability," Ensus Chief Executive Alwyn Hughes said.

"The sustainability risks are greater in biodiesel and as the sustainability rules start to bite in Europe that’s increasingly going to become an important factor."

Narrow profit margins

Christoph Berg, head of German commodity analysts F.O. Licht, said that bioethanol producers in Europe benefitted from relatively low feedstock prices for sugar and grains while prices for rapeseed oil, a key biodiesel feedstock, had risen sharply.

"The profit margins in the biodiesel sector are currently low, for some at loss-making levels," he said.

"For bioethanol, the scene is better overall and producers are finding it easier to achieve profitable operations than the biodiesel industry, but bioethanol profit margins are also not as high as hoped."

In Spanish ports, a ton of wheat costs €150 and can be used to make 387 liters of ethanol, so grain costing €388 will make one cubic meter. That compares to a benchmark bioethanol price of €470/m3.

Reuters data show that a ton of biodiesel costs €803 to refine in Germany -- using palm oil at €715/ton -- but will sell at €721.

Producers in some countries hoped for a near-term boost to demand on moves to raise bioethanol blending targets in fossil petrol to 10% content in so-called E10 fuels.

France and Poland have already introduced E10, and Germany is likely to follow suit in late 2010 or 2011, although the government has yet to set a date.

"E10 will probably become a standard in coming years and its introduction in a large consuming country like Germany would certainly be an advantage to other countries which wish to follow," Mr. Berg said.

Geraldine Gilmartin, an analyst at Kingsman SA, said bioethanol demand in Britain could grow for similar reasons.

"The UK is one market where we forecast stronger growth rates for bioethanol than biodiesel this year," she said. -- Reuters

Money Does Grow on Trees!

2010-08-03T00:17:00.000-07:00

Costa Rica, known as one of the best agriculture hot spots in the western hemisphere, is now growing oil fields for the Biofuel markets.

One program in particular has been capturing the attention of investors, is called Multi Purpose Real Estate.

Multi Purpose Real Estate (MPRE) combines capital appreciation strategy with one of the fastest moving growth sectors since the PC revolution – Biofuels.

For the savvy new ‘green investor’ real estate always looks good, especially real estate in the tropics, in the 10 year path to development, and now more than ever in such a soft market.

Central America has been a rising star in terms of emerging markets, and especially land banking, so the combination of Biofuels, bear real estate prices, low labor costs and the ability to grow high yield oil fields throughout the region, provides a double edged sword for opportunity.
United Biofuels of America (UBA™) is one company taking full advantage of this opportunity. UBA is a biofuel development and advisory organization working at the intersection of emerging Biofuels knowledge and the market demand.
Based in Costa Rica, UBA is the first regional biofuel consultancy & development firm established in Central America.

When asked to summarize Multi Purpose Real Estate and the Costa Rica National Biofuel Program, Michael Klein, the Chief Development Officer for United Biofuels of America said. “The National Biofuel Program for Costa Rica is a broad platform to help achieve Costa Rica’s 2012 biofuel blend target of 10% biofuel as well as the long term goal of being the first country to become carbon neutral by 2021.”

Continuing, “Multi Purpose Real Estate is one of newest and most promising programs that we have launched in this initiative. Essentially we offer investors that are already in or will be entering land banking market in Central America, the ability to turn land that would be otherwise sitting unused into a Bio-oil Field that generates income while their land continues appreciating.”

Further adding, “We are seeing a resurgence of investors looking for these types of emerging opportunities… and what we are providing is win-Win- WIN set of circumstances… a product, in a market that has a demand that is so large it hard to comprehend.”

When asked, how can the micro-investor take advantage of this new market, Mr. Klein said, “It’s been difficult for the micro “green” or biofuel investor… remember the green revolution is still in its infancy, and with that comes big opportunity and a degree of risk. It seems currently you have to have a few million to invest or you can’t break into the market, except at the penny stock level. And if you put a little money into a penny green stock… it’s essentially a hands off or no-control investment. If you have $50,000 to $100,000 to invest and you are looking at the green market, you are looking for as much security as possible. Real estate guarantees this, purchasing a lot or two, and being able to grow biofuel on this property while on a ten year land bank, or build plan, just makes sense… that’s what Multi Purpose Real Estate is.”

What does UBA do with the oil?

“We have guaranteed end buyers for every gallon of bio-oil we can grow. We grow different feedstocks, generally in combination, to produce crude oils, which is converted to Biodiesel.

“We are working with the Costa Rican government (MAG), RECOPE, and ICE. The government has recently moved to the private sector to take the lead in its biodiesel development; signed and approved legislatively. Costa Rica has a 10% biodiesel blend mandate by 2012 and carbon neutrality for the entire country by 2021. This opens the door for multiple opportunities for micro investors, land owners, and of course for mid market and larger investors as well to enter a guaranteed market, in one of the few industries that actually significantly grew through the economic downturn, and continues to grow. The Global Market Study, initially in 2007, estimated $4.2 trillion worth of investment by 2030 would be needed to meet demand; they have recently admitted they underestimated and now say $10.5 trillion will be needed to meet demand.

“And here is my favorite quote, by Goldman Sachs, – Investing in biofuel is akin to going back in time to 1990 and investing in the PC revolution.”

Continuing, “Look, here are some hard and interesting facts that every potential investor should keep in mind… the aviation industry consumes some 54 million gallons per years, and Jatropha has been chosen as the feedstock of choice for a drop replacement. We are working on only one aviation project that requires 1,000,000 per day, just for continuous flow testing. That’s just one project and only for testing! Further, Ford, GM and Chrysler have announced that their 2011 mid size SUV are compliant for B20, this B20 blend has been mandated in the US mandated… but if you are a refinery in the US, you are operating at 10% capacity for biofuels or you are already out of business…. refineries right now in the USA or going for pennies on the dollar.

“And are you going to grow biofuel in the USA? What?… corn, soy… we all know the problems around these feedstocks… first they are food crops, the net energy of these crops are barely worth it, and the cost of growing this in the US makes them a constant margin battle. And if you are not operating at large economy of scale, you can’t break in. So where do you go to grow? Because that’s where we are on value chain…. growing feedstock… not sitting on an empty refinery, waiting for feed stock, or in a market bid-battle for a scarce commodity. Are you going to go to Africa or India to grow? I would take a real hard look at the issue those companies that have gone that route have had to deal with, and they are still trying to work out these issues… at the expense of watching their break even horizon disappearing from sight. They have been overcome with issues, from labor to improper strain selection, with 80% less yields than expected… the list goes on and on.

“The answer at least for the individual American investor or investment company, in terms of growing feedstock, is to look in their own back yard… Central America. We have governmental support, the labor is not expensive, land opportunities are everywhere, logistical costs are less, and if you really want to improve ROI you would not try to extract the value by shipping the oil out of the region, but go from seed-to-pump regionally… grow it here and sell it right here in Central America. The demand here is as high as anywhere, if not higher, with 80% of the vehicles in Central America running on diesel… bio-diesel here makes sense from investing to growing to consumption.”

TCRN, any final words?

“Money does grow on trees! Biofuels are renewable, good for the environment and good for the investor. To find out more on Multi Purpose Real Estate or commercial development opportunities in Central America contact us at Info@UnitedBiofuelsofAmerica.org”

Source:http://thecostaricanews.com

City To Soon Require Use Of Biodiesel Fuel

2010-08-03T00:11:00.000-07:00

It's a greasy job but for five years, Tri-State Biodiesel has been helping to turn cooking oil into fuel that can be used to heat homes, buildings, and run diesel engines.

"That can all be replaced with a much cleaner burning biodiesel fuel, and we keep all of our money in our economy instead of sending it away to by foreign oil,” said Tri-State Biodiesel Chief Executive Officer Brent Baker. “So it has a lot of different benefits."

The Federal Environmental Protection Agency says biodiesel burns much cleaner than regular diesel, reducing the amount of pollution released into the air. The City Council agrees and passed legislation this week mandating all buildings in the city that burn heating oil use at least two percent of biodiesel fuel mixed in with regular diesel.

"That will reduce asthma, that will make it so New Yorkers can live longer, healthier live, and put us all in a position where we can all literally and figuratively breathe easier," said City Council Speaker Christine Quinn.

This is good news for Tri-State Biodiesel, which is based in Hunts Point in the Bronx. It collects cooking oil for free from numerous restaurants around the city and trucks the oil upstate to a company called Northern Biodiesel in Rochester. There, the oil goes through a chemical process making it a viable fuel to be sold at competitive prices.

Workers from Tri-State Biodiesel say the cooking oil goes through several layers of filtration. The first part of that process removes all of the food scraps like chicken bones and egg shells."

"You just smell a little bit like chicken, but it doesn't bother me,” said Tri-State Biodiesel worker Robert Fludd.

Roughly a billion gallons of heating oil is burned in the city every year, and the council says putting cleaner burning biofuel into the mix will definitely improve the environment. And, in most cases, owners will not have to make any changes to their boilers to use it.

Source:http://www.ny1.com/content/top_stories/122974/city-to-soon-require-use-of-biodiesel-fuel

Biodiesel: The Definitive Guide

2010-07-22T17:13:00.000-07:00

(How To Make Your Own Biodiesel Factory At Home)

The ultimate guide to making this eco-friendly, cash-saving, engine soothing fuel from your own home.

Feel ultimate pride and satisfaction at supplying fuel for yourself, your family and anyone you like, while helping the environment and doing your bit for your country...
The exact ingredients and process you must carry out in order to make a successful, clean and smooth-running batch...
How to create an eco-friendly, wallet saving fuel with ease. Supply your family and friends (and don't forget to charge them!)...
A simple to follow process means you'll be set-up and 'mixing' within minutes of downloading the guide...
Cut down on the noxious emissions of your current vehicle and feel pride at helping the environment...
Soothe and care for your engine with biodiesel's amazing properties. Why feed your vehicle junk food?

Here is the link to this guide:Biodiesel: The Definitive Guide

Do It Yourself Guide in Making Biodiesel

2010-07-22T16:26:00.000-07:00

"Your How To Make Your Own Bio-Diesel Guide is a gold-mine. I’m sure you’ve been told this before. But I really didn’t know how you could fuel your trucks and cars with this and save so much. It’s unbelievable! This is what George Thompson of Louisiana, USA said.

Bio diesel is arguably the fuel of the future.

You can use it to run your car and heat your home as well.

And the best part is that restaurants are begging to get rid of used oil. It's like going to the gas pump to take oil for free, in large quantities.

You just have to ask for "veggie oil" and they will be happy to give it to you.

And with our plans you will be able to easily convert it into bio-diesel.

This is the perfect solution to THREE problems:

1. What to do with waste oil
2. Heat your home cheaper
3. Run your car or truck cheaper and cleaner

And you will get the perfect systems with great diagrams that you will show you how to make your own bio diesel. And how to use it to hear or home or run your vehicle. You will be able to put this to use in just a few hours.

It's a no-brainer for everyone who is concerned about the rising costs of living.

For the guide here is the link:Do It Yourself Guide in Making Biodiesel.

Biodiesel survey shows 99 percent would recommend biodiesel to others

2010-01-02T23:56:00.000-08:00

Biodiesel users remain a solid fan club. For the third year in a row, 99 percent of respondents to a national survey say they would recommend biodiesel to others. Energy security and environmental/health benefits continue to reign as the top reasons for biodiesel support in the annual survey of biodiesel users across the United States.

The Biodiesel Alliance project supported by the United Soybean Board has conducted the online survey for the past three years. More than 500 biodiesel users responded to the 2009 survey.

Respondents own, operate or manage a total of 4,025 diesel vehicles. They identified themselves as 46 percent motorists, 8 percent farmers, 7 percent fleet managers, 4 percent petroleum distributors, 4 percent truck drivers, and 28 percent other. The average respondent had used biodiesel for four years, and 89 percent reported little to no engine and/or fuel quality problems using biodiesel.

Biodiesel support by an original equipment manufacturer was an important consideration in decisions for 87 percent of respondents when making a purchase of that company’s products. This is up from 82 percent the previous year. By far, the leading reason for not using biodiesel was availability at 80 percent, down slightly from the previous year’s 89 percent. At 15 percent, price was the next biggest obstacle cited for not using biodiesel.

Go to http://www.biodiesel.org/aboutnbb/alliance/ to join the Biodiesel Alliance for organizations and companies, or the Biodiesel Backers program for individuals.

Source: www.biodieselmagazine.com

German biodiesel industry recommends policy changes

2009-12-09T12:32:00.000-08:00

By Susanne Retka Schill

The newest proposal from the German government doesn’t go far enough to revitalize the biodiesel market industry leaders argued at the seventh biofuels conference held in early December in Berlin. The German BioEnergy Association (BBE) and the German Union for Promoting Oil Seeds and Protein Plants (UFOP) cosponsored the annual industry conference that attracted more than 450 stakeholders in the biofuel sector from 30 countries.

After a significant decline of the German biofuels market share in transportation from 7.1 percent in 2007 to 5.9 percent in 2008, the recently elected German government had promised a revitalization of the biofuels market in its draft “Law for accelerated growth.” The proposal would freeze the tax on B100 and straight vegetable oils for fuel at the current rate for the next three years instead of the phasing in of full fuel taxes on biofuels as scheduled.

Helmut Lamp, BBE president, pointed the government’s own report on biofuels development released in September concluded the economic production of biodiesel and pure plant oil for fuel is not feasible with the current tax rate of 18 cents per liter. “How should then a freezing of this tax rate for the next three years contribute to a revitalization of the biofuel markets?” he asked. A reduction in fuel taxes to no more than 10 cents per liter is needed.

The biofuels industry also recommended the German government withdraw the planned reduction of the biofuel blending mandate for 2015 from 8 percent to 6.25 percent, saying that the mandate reduction should not be implemented now since the new German ruling coalition has announced it would introduce E10 and consider allowing pure biodiesel or ethanol to meet mandate obligations. “Also, concerns about the impact of increased biofuel production on food prices have proven to be outdated in view of the developments of commodity prices of the last months,” the BBE said.

The German organizations said they welcomed the Federal Agency for Agriculture (BLE) as the governing body for the implementation of the biofuels sustainability regulations, although they said the new rules and guidelines are urgently needed. The new regulations and the certification system as well as certifiers are unlikely to be in place by the July 2010 implementation date for sustainability, they pointed out. They urged 2010 biofuel production not be penalized since farmers and biofuel producers won’t have the needed information to securely plan for compliance.

“Minimum requirements on sustainable feedstock production are urgently needed as it is clear that world energy demand will increase significantly while our fossil resources will decline at the same time,” said Klaus Kliem, president of UFOP. “But still the implementation of these requirements within the biofuel sustainability ordinance has proven to be quite problematic in practice. The administrative presets have been underestimated in their broad impact not only by the civil servants at the EU Commission, but also by the German government.” Kliem suggested the implementation of sustainability regulations be postponed until practical solutions have been developed.

This is taken from biodiesel magazine, to read the original article, visit this site.

OriginOil finishes first phase of algae commercialization model

2009-10-09T15:39:00.000-07:00

By Lisa Gibson

Los Angeles-based OriginOil Inc. has finished phase one of a Cooperative Research and Development Agreement with the U.S. DOE’s Idaho National laboratory. The goal of the three-step agreement is to develop a process model for the commercial production of algae for biofuels.

Phase one focused on developing a comprehensive mass-energy balance of OriginOil’s proprietary algae production process, which includes a Helix Bio Reactor and live or single-step extraction, according to the company. For phase one, INL researchers provided core data on the projected efficiency and recovery values for the various steps in the algae-growing process, including lipid and biomass production, according to OriginOil. “We didn’t have to reinvent the wheel,” said Riggs Eckelberry, OriginOil CEO. “It made it much faster.”

The phase also included evaluation of costs and profit margins and helped the company establish a productivity model, which Eckelberry recently presented at the National Algae Association’s Quarterly Forum in Houston.

The overall goal is to produce algae through a high-speed, cost-effective industrial process to make green crude a substitute for petroleum so the world has a new oil that doesn’t perpetuate global warming, according to the presentation. OriginOil’s proprietary process addresses issues standing in the way of commercial algae production, such as carbon dioxide and nutrient delivery, light delivery, land use, extraction efficiency and harvesting rates, according to the company. The presentation also addresses factors important for algae productivity and evaluates elements of baseline production, wastewater co-location and value-add markets.

The economics of algae are complex and challenging, Riggs concluded in his presentation. Current profitability requires the pursuit of high-value coproducts and co-location with beneficial site hosts. Pursuit of fuel will require continued process optimization at all stages, strong preferences such as subsidies and carbon policy, and petroleum price increases. “With careful planning, algae can be profitable today,” the presentation emphasizes.

Now, INL and OriginOil are negotiating the scope and terms of phases two and three. Phase one was about modeling, Eckelberry said, two will be focused on validation of the technology and three will be field testing. “The next step is really to validate our technology,” Eckelberry said. “We know the system works. Now, we need to validate it with more scale.” The deliverables for additional phases will include biological and chemical feedstock evaluation required for the systems integration design and scale-up demonstration, according to OriginOil. A timeline for remaining phases of the project, funded primarily by the DOE, have not been specifically discussed, Eckelberry said. The presentation, including a schematic of OriginOil’s process, is available on the company’s Web site at www.originoil.com through a link on the latest press release.

Source: www.biomassmagazine.com

Bluegrass BioDiesel nears completion

2009-08-19T13:48:00.000-07:00

By Susanne Retka Schill

Bluegrass BioDiesel LLC is halfway through the commissioning process, with all interior systems having been checked out and systems being tested outside as contractors complete their work. Full startup of the 14 MMgy multifeedstock plant is anticipated by the end of August at at Falmouth, Ky.

General Manager Rich Wojtkowski described a number of features used in the plant to reduce the capital investment such as using stainless steel only where required, substituting lower cost carbon steel. Flexible hoses will give the ability to reroute product streams. Gravity separation will be used, eliminating the cost of centrifuges. While using standard acid pretreatment and base transesterification, the plant is capable of handling 2 to 22 percent free fatty acids with three stages where water can be removed. “Our objective is to produce a very pure product that we can market as B100 ultra, removing all impurities,” Wojtkowski said. The plant also includes a methanol recovery and glycerin purification. “We will push for BQ9000 certification,” he added. “I have experience with ISO certification, so I know the policies and quality control that has to be in place.”

Bluegrass Biodiesel plans to offer B90 or B99 blends as well as B100 to its regional customers. “Some want a blended product, which they can blend further,” Wojtkowski said. “We handle the government issues, the filings, etcetera.”

“The fact that they’ll be cranking up at the end of the month is welcome news,” said Jack Wright, executive director of the Pendleton County Industrial Authority. He began working with the developers over five years ago when the project was first proposed. Retrofitting of a building began in 2007 although construction was halted after about a year when the project ran out of funds. Refinancing took a year to arrange with work beginning again in January.

J.E. Johnson Inc., Midland, Mich., is the general contractor and Versakon Biofuels LLC provided the plant design for the Falmouth plant. The two companies are among the eight investors in the plant.

Source: www.biodieselmagazine.com

Biodiesel developed from used animal fats, vegetable oils

2009-07-22T16:09:00.000-07:00

By Helen Flores

Researchers from the Aklan State University have developed diesel additives from used animal fats and vegetable oils, the Philippine Council for Agriculture, Forestry and Natural Resources Research and Development (PCARRD) said.

Based on the study, used animal fats and vegetable oils from meat processing plants and food chains can be converted into biodiesel, which may be used in a standard combustion engine without modifications and may be blended with petroleum diesel to improve its quality.

These wastes, the researchers said, produce a clear liquid without unpleasant smell with the same properties as mineral fossil diesel oil.

ASU researchers said an engine fueled by a mixture of 80 percent petroleum diesel and 20 percent biodiesel has lesser smoke emissions and lower engine noise compared to that fueled by pure petroleum diesel.

The study also showed that petroleum diesel and biodiesel were similar in density, viscosity, pH, cloud point, and freezing point.

“Biodiesel does not only provide sustainable energy, but also ensures a sustainable environment because it is renewable or recyclable,” the researchers said.

Citing a previous study by the Department of Science and Technology, PCARRD said the biodiesel from vegetable oils and animal fats have been found to match, if not surpass, petroleum diesel in terms of engine performance and lifespan.

“Incidentally, the problem of disposing 2,000 kilograms of waste animal fats and oils produced by meat product manufacturers and food servers in Kalibo, Aklan and Boracay Island every month motivated the ASU researchers to conduct this study,” PCARRD said.

PCARRD said biodiesel is produced through “transesterification.” In this process, alcohol is used in the presence of a catalyst such as sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide to produce alcohol esters of animal fats with glycerin as byproduct.

PCARRD said it evaluated this study during the recent Western Visayas Agriculture and Resources Research and Development Consortium Research and Development Symposium.

What are the advantages of using biodiesel?

2009-07-07T21:41:00.000-07:00

You might have heard a lot about biodiesel. Biodiesel is diesel than can power up your car that is made from vegetable oils and other natural sources. It does not come from the regular crude oil that usually has to be imported from oil-producing countries.

Biodiesel can be considered a new technology, taking into account all the years consumers have had to settle for traditional diesel. Using biodiesel for your car has many advantages:

1. Biodiesel is not harmful to the environment. Unlike its counterpart, a car using biodiesel produces fewer emissions. If a vehicle uses traditional diesel, the vehicle emits black, stinky smoke. With biodiesel, the smoke becomes very clean indeed.

2. Biodiesel may not require an engine modification. Some cars can take advantage of biodiesel without the need to undergo engine alterations. Some mix 20% biodiesel with regular diesel. Doing so enables the car to benefit from the good points of biodiesel without the hassle.

3. Biodiesel is cheap. You can even make biodiesel in your backyard. If your engine can work with biodiesel fuel alone, then you really need not go to the gas station to buy fuel. You can just manufacture some for your own personal use.

4. Biodiesel can make the vehicle perform better. It is noted that biodiesel has a cetane number of over 100. Cetane number is used to measure the quality of the fuel’s ignition. If your fuel has a high cetane number, you can be sure that what you get is a very easy cold starting coupled with a low idle noise.

5. Biodiesel can make your car last longer. Because of the clarity and the purity of biodiesel, you can be sure it will not have too many impurities to harm your car. It is actually more lubrication. A car’s power output is unaffected by this type of diesel.

6. Biodiesel reduces the environmental effect of a waste product. Because biodiesel is made out of waste products itself, it does not contribute to nature’s garbage at all. Biodiesel can be made out of used cooking oils and lards. So instead of throwing these substances away, the ability to turn them into biodiesel becomes more than welcome.

7. Biodiesel is energy efficient. If the production of biodiesel is compared with the production of the regular type, producing the latter consumes more energy. Biodiesel does not need to be drilled, transported, or refined like petroleum diesel. Producing biodiesel is easier and is less time consuming.

8. Biodiesel is produced locally. A locally produced fuel will be more cost efficient. There is no need to pay tariffs or similar taxes to the countries from which oil and petroleum diesel are sourced. Every country has the ability to produce biodiesel.

Biodiesel is surely a viable fuel alternative. Moreover, it is also a sustainable fuel. Using biodiesel not only helps maintain our environment, it also helps in keeping the people around us healthy.

The production of biodiesel all over the world is now being looked upon favorably. In Europe, many biodiesel stations have been set up already. There is also a move to convert or make cars compatible with biodiesel fuel in the near future.

Biodiesel can surely change the way vehicles are manufactured and used. It is surely the best substitute right now, and everyone should consider ways to take advantage of the benefits of biodiesel.

MicroCglycerin for denitrification

2009-06-17T13:13:00.000-07:00

Environmental Operating Solutions Inc. has introduced MicroCgylcerin microcgylcerin as a non-hazardous, environmentally-sustainable alternative to methanol for denitrification apps at municipal and industrial wastewater treatment facilities. The trademarked microcglycerin is derived from crude glycerin, a natural co-product of the nation’s growing biodiesel industry.

As monitoring of the nation’s surface water quality intensifies, wastewater treatment facilities in the cohesive states are growingly anticipated to upgrade their plants for intensified nitrogen removal, eos explained in its product release announcement. In numerous cases, this requires facilities to add an external carbon source as an electron donor. Historically, methanol has been utilized as an option, nonetheless, methanol fluctuates widely in cost, is flammable, has poisonous properties, requires expensive storage and feed strategies, and is derived from non-renewable natural gas. Furthermore, 90 percent of the methanol utilized in the USA is imported.

Biodiesel blend performs as well as ULSD

2009-06-17T13:11:00.001-07:00

Those worried about a performance drop-off going from standard diesel fuel to the more environmentally friendly B20 biodiesel blend can ease their minds.

A new Purdue University study shows that there is almost no statistical performance difference in semitrailer trucks using B20, a 20-percent blend of biodiesel, and No. 2 ultra-low sulfur diesel, the current standard.

"In terms of performance, reliability and maintenance costs, it was basically a wash," said John Lumkes, the assistant professor of agricultural and biological engineering who led the study. "The only differences are environmental and economic."

The study, which compared two 10-vehicle truck fleets using the ultra-low sulfur fuel and B20, was released in the journal Applied Engineering in Agriculture. Trucks used for comparisons in the yearlong study had the same engines, similar miles already on them at the start and drove nearly the same number of miles over the year.

The only statistical difference related to the B20 was that it lowered the oil viscosity between maintenance intervals in engines slightly more than the ultra-low sulfur diesel. But even so, Lumkes said the oil still had sufficient viscosity so as not to damage engine parts.

"They were still within the range of what is acceptable before you need an oil change," he said.

The study followed each fleet's idle time percentage, average speed, engine load percentage and engine speed. Each pair of trucks had close to the same statistics in each category.

At the end of the study, each fleet of 10 trucks had driven more than 1.5 million miles. Differences in performance based on fuel economy, fuel test results, engine oil analysis, and service and maintenance costs were considered minute. B20 cost about 13 cents more per gallon during that time than the ultra-low sulfur diesel.

Lumkes said his study could ease concern about the effect biodiesel has on engine durability. He said some engine manufacturers are wary about extending warranties to those who use biodiesel because not enough has been known about how the biodiesel affects engine wear.

"This shows that there is no observable difference in performance of engines using biodiesel versus the more common commercial fuel," Lumkes said.

Lumkes added that the quality of the B20 also is an important factor. All the fuel sampled during the study exceeded the National Biodiesel Accreditation Commission standards.

The Indiana Soybean Alliance provided funding for the research, and a private company that provided the trucks also provided funding.

SOURCE: PURDUE UNIVERSITY

Market found for portable biodiesel processors

2009-06-10T16:18:00.000-07:00

By Nicholas Zeman

While industrial size plants have gotten built without opening—signaling the struggles of the commercial biodiesel industry—there’s a company known as Springboard Biodiesel in Chico, Calif., that’s flourishing. Its business model, based on the sales of portable biodiesel processing units capable of producing only 36,000 gallons per year, is experiencing accelerated growth. “There is market out there for serving the small-scale biodiesel producers that aren’t going to sell the fuel, but process it for their own uses,” said Matt Roberts of Springboard.

Proprietary fluid separation technology marketed as the Induced Coalescent Separator (INCOSEP) can help home brewers dramatically speed up the process of local refining, therefore, increasing production capacity. “This type of equipment has no precedent— that we know of in our industry,” Roberts said.

The portable biodiesel processors are made of 304 stainless steel and all industrial-grade components. It allows customers to make ASTM grade biodiesel very cheaply—for less than $1 per gallon. Ninety-nine percent of its users make biodiesel from recycled vegetable oil, according to Springboard. “We’ve sold a large number of our machines to small businesses, universities, municipalities and co-operatives in the United States,” Roberts said.

“This technology (INCOSEP-Pro) is capable of inducing secondary fluids to ‘coalesce’ out of the raw biodiesel,” Roberts said. “It can rapidly separate glycerol and water from the fuel.”

The BioPro 190 biodiesel processor, Springboard’s flagship product, is capable of producing a 50 gallon batch of ASTM quality biodiesel every 48 hours. “With INCOSEP-Pro installed on the equipment, however, we can reduce that time to 21 hours,” Roberts said. Also, if existing users purchased a BioPro processor before the start of 2007, they can have their machines retrofitted to incorporate Springboard’s new technology.

Springboard also offers a dry wash system for biodiesel processing. The dual resin tower design, the SpringPro 76, helps double the capacity of “any biodiesel processor,” the company stated and can purify 480 gallons per day. “This is a dry wash column that uses resins to clean and polish the biodiesel,” Roberts said. “Water is a commodity that is becoming more and m ore scarce, especially in California.”

Source:www.biodieselmagazine.com

Make your own backyard biodiesel.

2009-06-10T16:06:00.000-07:00

This one is a great guide on how to make your own backyard biodiesel.

The video shows us how easy it is to make a small batch that will work in any diesel engine. No special equipment needed -- you can even use an old juice bottle to serve as the "reactor" vessel--and on such a small scale, you can quickly refine your technique and perform further experiments.

Watch and enjoy. But be careful on this guide, no one really commented if these would work on your engine. You should better check the magazine where it is published. I have not tried this myself.

Lubricant additive addresses fuel dilution issues with biodiesel blends

2009-06-10T16:03:00.000-07:00

By Ron Kotrba

For those concerned about using a B20 blend in late-model diesels that employ post-injection for controlling emissions, Chevron Oronite Company LLC developed a unique engine oil additive to help combat serious engine wear associated with methyl ester dilution in the engine oil crankcase.

Some OEMs use post-injection in their strategies to “regenerate” or burn off soot accumulated in diesel particulate filters (DPF). Injecting fuel late in the combustion cycle does not combust the fuel but vaporizes it as the fuel is carried downstream through the exhaust to create an exothermic reaction, which burns off the collected soot in the DPF. This periodic soot burn-off is called regeneration. OEMs have a choice to utilize post-injection or fuel injection downstream of the engine, as in the exhaust system directly, but it is more cost-effective to use post-injection because there is no additional hardware needed to perform regeneration.

Fuel dilution has always been an issue with diesels, but never more so than with post-injection. Petrol diesel dilutes engine oil too, but it volatilizes off and eventually is released through the breather system. For biodiesel, however, the story is significantly different.

Biodiesel has a higher and narrower boiling range than petroleum diesel, and its physical properties lead to larger droplet sizes exiting the fuel injectors. This means that, while the petrol portion of the blend vaporizes and follows its destination to the exhaust stream as the piston is at the bottom of the cylinder, the methyl ester fraction—with its higher, narrower boiling range and larger droplet size—remains in liquid form collecting along the exposed surface area of the cylinder wall, and as the piston rises, much of the biodiesel bypasses the rings to enter the crankcase. Once in there, the biodiesel does not volatilize off like mineral diesel does. With the heat of the crankcase, there is concern about oxidation of the oil/biodiesel mix and engine wear resulting from the organic acids.

“In the case of biodiesel, once it gets in the crankcase and as it starts to degrade, it forms organic acids and starts to polymerize,” said Gary Parsons, global OEM and industry liaison manager for Chevron Oronite. “The organic acids can aggressively attack certain metals, particularly lead in the lead bearings. And then as it polymerizes and oxidizes, it can lead to increased deposits in the engine—in particular, deposits on the pistons.”

The engine oil additive Chevron Oronite developed is designed to counter the effect of the acids, so they don’t aggressively attack the metal; and also to prevent oxidation and formation of deposits.

Historically, in the context of acids, the lubricant additive business has largely been focused on formulations that help combat sulfuric acid damage. Before many of the recent sulfur limitations on diesel fuel went into effect, sulfur content in diesel fuel ranged from unlimited to 5,000 ppm to 500 ppm; but now, on road ultra low sulfur diesel only contains 15 ppm sulfur maximum. “Much of the historical effort had been in neutralizing sulfuric acids, and now much of the sulfur issues have gone away,” Parsons said. “But now we’re talking about putting this organic material in the oil, which forms organic acids, so part of what we’ve done is we’ve tailored our formulation to address those organic acids in order to prevent oxidation of the fatty acid methyl ester in the oil. That’s why it’s called for special research and development in that area—because it’s different than what’s been done historically. “

The product, which is commercially available and marketed under the Oronite Lubricating Oil Additive, or OLOA, trademark, has been receiving global attention since its commercial debut last year. “People are starting to see that there’s going to be more biodiesel in the market, and more exposure and potential risk, so we’re seeing more and more interest because of that,” Parsons said. “Until now, the use of biodiesel has largely been driven by economics or people who just want to do good things for the environment—not by mandates.”

Rethink biofuel, says Nobel laureate

2009-04-02T13:50:00.000-07:00

By TJ Burgonio

MANILA, Philippines -- A Nobel laureate has cautioned the government against rushing into biofuel development because there’s little energy to be gained from it.

Dr. Hartmut Michel, the 1998 Nobel Prize winner for chemistry, who was in Manila last week for a talk, said investing in biofuel development was “counterproductive.”

“When you calculate how much of the sun’s energy is stored in the plants, it’s below one percent,” he said at a forum at the Philippine International Convention Center in Pasay City on Wednesday.

“When you convert into biofuel, you add fertilizer, and then harvest the plants. There’s not real energy gained in biofuel,” said Michel, 59, whose prize-winning research with two other chemists dealt with the process of photosynthesis.

Biofuel is made from alternative sources, such as crops, plant fiber, trees, poultry litter, animal waste and the biodegradable component of solid waste.

Biofuels include bioethanol, biodiesel and fuels from biomass. Bioethanol is a light alcohol produced by fermenting starch or sugar from sugarcane, corn, cassava or nipa. Biodiesel is fuel extracted from plant oils like jatropha, palm, soy, rapeseed and coconut.

Biofuels Act

President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo signed into law the Biofuels Act in January last year, which mandates a minimum 1-percent biodiesel blend and 5-percent bioethanol blend in all diesel and gasoline fuels.

The government is implementing an alternative fuels program to reduce the country’s dependence on imported oil, and provide cheaper, more environment-friendly alternatives to fossil fuels.

It is encouraging the massive cultivation of jatropha, a shrub that produces golf-ball-size fruit that contain oil.

Land Bank of the Philippines has signed an agreement to provide Philippine National Oil Co.-Alternative Fuels Corp. with P5 billion to finance the jatropha development program.

The corporation is looking at some 1.2 million hectares as its main hub for jatropha production in Mindanao.

Burning forests

Michel further pointed out that producing biofuel would sometimes entail clearing a forest, a process that destroys biodiversity and emits more carbon dioxide into the atmosphere.

“When you burn the forest, you produce too much carbon dioxide, which you can’t save in the next several hundred years,” he said at the Nobel Forum on Wednesday, where he and three other Nobel awardees were the guests.

Burning destroys many natural compounds in forests, according to the scientist. He said these natural compounds could be remedy for new kinds of cancer.

“We should not put money in biofuel development. It’s counterproductive,” he said.

Top climate victim

Michel said the Philippines is vulnerable to a rise in sea level and stronger storms as an offshoot of global warming.

“The Philippines has every reason to do everything to reduce the use of fossil energy,” he said.

The Philippines, which was battered by storms in 1996 that killed more than 1,000 people, and suffered losses worth billions of dollars, was named by the environment group Germanwatch as the world’s top climate victim that year.

Tap wind power

Michel suggested that the government tap renewable energy sources to generate power.

“The islands are rich in wind power. You should invest in wind to generate electricity,” he said.

The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences awarded the 1998 Nobel Prize in Chemistry jointly to Michel, Dr. Johann Deisenhofer and Dr. Robert Huber for the determination of the three-dimensional structure of a photosynthetic reaction center.

They were the first “to succeed in unraveling the full details of how a membrane-bound protein is built up, revealing the structure of the molecule, atom by atom,” the academy said.

Taiwanese Yuan T. Lee, one of the three 1986 Nobel Prize winners in Chemistry, said biofuel production might not be the “right solution” for countries with small land areas.

“It’s important to realize that in Europe, like Taiwan, biofuel may not make sense. If we use land to develop biofuel, it’s not the right solution,” he said at the open forum.

“In the long run, biofuel will not be the solution,” he said.

Others fear that using arable land for biofuels can cause food shortages.

Seaoil to put up ethanol refinery in Negros

2009-04-02T13:45:00.000-07:00

MANILA, Philippines - Being first to introduce ethanol blend in gasoline in 2005, four years ahead of the passage of the BioFuels Law, Seaoil Philippines Inc. wants to ensure the sustainability of its bioethanol fuel operations by building a 30-hectare ethanol distillery in Negros, the country's sugar central, and entering into contract growing with sugar farmers in initially 1,000 hectares to sustain the distilling facility.

"We can see that ethanol will continue to grow in popularity and usage since bunker or fossil fuel resources are rapidly being depleted worldwide and it makes a lot of sense to invest in planting sugarcane and putting up a distilling plant right now," said Stephen Yu, Seaoil chief operating officer.

When the law required only a five-percent blend of ethanol in gasoline, Seaoil was already offering a 10-percent blend. It is now market testing e85 blend (15 percent), a high heating blend suitable for race cars, SUVs and even normal cars of people who prefer to have rapid and high burning fuel, Yu said.

The e85, which is being test-marketed at the Pasig Boulevard station of Seaoil is priced almost the same as e10 at P34.75 per liter although the cost to blend it is a lot more. Seaoil said it is shouldering the additional cost. The e85 is a big hit among owners of Expedition, Pajeros and other SUVs and race car models because of its 105 octane content (even higher than the aviation gas' 96 octane), Yu added.

Meanwhile, Seaoil obtained last December the Quality Management System (ISO 9001:2000) certification from Geneva-based International Organization of Standards.

With this certification, Seaoil will find it easier to attract investors for its expansion programs, said Yu whose expertise is logistics considered Seaoil's fastest growth area.

"With the ISO we are going to attract new international clients to do business with us, particularly in the area of logistics, plus it would be a lot easier for us to market our services," Yu said. – Rose de la Cruz

Algae as Biofuel: Graduate Research Assistantship

2008-12-03T07:26:00.000-08:00

I am seeking a motivated student to fill a graduate research assistantship at the M.S. or Ph.D. level in the Department of Oceanography at Florida State University (www.ocean.fsu.edu). The position is available beginning in Spring, 2009. The research project will focus on the growth of marine algae as a feedstock for biofuels production. The student in this position will be expected to work closely with other scientists in the newly established Institute for Energy Systems, Economics, and Sustainability (http://www.ieses.fsu.edu/) at FSU.

Interested students should have a background in marine biology, cell biology and/or microbiology, and should have strong quantitative skills. Mechanical skills and/or experience in aquaculture would be viewed positively. The assistantship will have an excellent stipend relative to the cost-of-living, and will also include a full tuition remission along with research expenses.

Florida State University is located in the city of Tallahassee, where cost-of-living is inexpensive and ample opportunities exist for cultural/artistic and outdoor activities. The University has a distinguished and rapidly expanding marine laboratory located about 45 minutes to the south of Tallahassee, and the Apalachicola Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve is located about 1 hour west.

For more information, or to be considered for the position, please email Dr. Mike Wetz at wetz@email.unc.edu. Letters of interest will be accepted until December 31st, though particularly strong candidates may be encouraged to apply in full to FSU earlier.

Waste plastics made into diesel, gasoline

2008-11-30T00:20:00.000-08:00

by Zac B. Sarian

Would you believe that waste plastics which are ordinarily a big problem to dispose can be converted into diesel and gasoline that can run engines?

The ordinary plastic materials include shopping bags, garbage bags and even styropor used in packing various products. All these can be converted into precious fuel that is 20 percent cheaper than the current price of diesel and gasoline.

The technology is newly patented and was one of those exhibited during the recent Inventors Week expo at the Philippine Trade Training Center along Roxas Blvd., Pasay City, under the auspices of the Department of Science and Technology (DOST).

Holder of the patent which was released only last November 8 is inventor Jayme Navarro of Bacolod City. The waste plastics are converted into diesel and gasoline through what Navarro calls depolymerization of the materials. Assorted plastics are first shredded into evenly-sized pieces and then entered into an agglomeration chamber.

The shredded plastic enters a feeding screw where it is melted and the polymers are mixed with a catalyst. The melted plastic goes to a specially-designed pyrolysis chamber where depolymerization occurs, and where hydrocarbon gases are produced. It then passes through distillation (to separate different hydrocarbon chains), filtration and centrifuge (to remove contaminants and impurities).

Besides the gasoline and diesel, light gases are also produced which are purified, compressed and stored. These gases are used as fuel in the process of depolymerization.

Navarro said that the process is done entirely inside a vacuum so no resultant chemicals are released into the environment, The conversion efficiency rate is 75 to 80 percent, depending on feedstock components. That means it can produce 750 to 800 liters of fuel from one ton of raw materials.

Navarro said that he has been involved in the plastic industry in the last 30 years, using plastic scraps as feedstock in producing plastic twine, straw and stick. During the oil embargo in 1973, he started his first experiment in converting plastic waste to liquid hydrocarbons, and again during the first Iran-Iraq war in 1980.

However, because of the cheap price and abundant supply of crude oil during those years, it was not financially viable to pursue the project. He said that with the recent environmental issues regarding the disposal of waste plastics, and the high price of crude oil prompted him to develop his original technology of converting plastic waste into fuel.

Navarro said that after years of intense efforts in improving, refining and scaling the technology, he was able to conduct the first trial run of a prototype conversion plant that successfully produced liquid hydrocarbon in December 2007. Then in February 2008, he sent samples to the Department of Energy and DOST for analysis.

He said that the results confirmed that the fuel produced has all the properties of regular diesel fuel, but with substantially lowered sulfur contents, which means it is less polluting. The fuel can be used for different applications involving standard diesel engines.

Navarro revealed that his company, Poly-Green Technology and Resources, Inc., will put up a manufacturing plant in Montalban, Rizal early next year. The technology is modular in concept and may be developed in 5, 10 and 20 tons-per-day capacities. The operation can be carried out in smaller plants and processing may be situated wherever it is deemed feasible.

Source: Manila Bulletin, photo courtesy of http://globalplasticrecyclers.com, plc

The U.S. EPA has published a compliance assistance manual for biodiesel producers.

2008-11-19T13:27:00.000-08:00

Published by the EPA’s Region 7 Biofuels Work Group, the manual titled “Environmental Laws Applicable to Construction and Operation of Biodiesel Production Facilities” provides information about federal environmental programs and the roles that federal, state, and local agencies play in relation to companies interested in designing, building, and operating biodiesel manufacturing facilities.

The publication addresses wastewater permits and spill prevention under the Clean Water Act and Safe Drinking Water Act, air operating permits under the Clean Air Act, as well as hazardous waste management under the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act, Pollution Prevention Act, and Toxic Substances Control Act. The manual also covers federal renewable fuels standard (RFS) program registration, renewable identification number (RIN) registration, blending, exporting, record-keeping requirements and the management of crude glycerin. The publication includes practical examples for complying with environmental regulations and includes a directory of key federal and state officials.

The manual is available online at: www.epa.gov/region07/priorities/agriculture/biodiesel_manual.pdf.

Photo courtesy of alibaba.com

U.K. researchers convert glycerin to methanol

2008-11-12T11:55:00.000-08:00

By Ryan C. Christiansen

Isis Innovation Ltd., a technology transfer company that is wholly owned by the University of Oxford in the United Kingdom, has patented a technology that uses a metal catalyst to convert glycerin into methanol. Glycerin, also called glycerol, is a byproduct of biodiesel production.

According to Edman Tsang, a researcher in the Department of Chemistry at the University of Oxford, the process works at a low temperature of 100 degrees Celsius (approximately 212 degrees Fahrenheit) and at 20 bars of pressure. The process produces only methanol and no byproducts.

Jamie Ferguson, a spokesperson for Isis Innovation, said the catalyst technology is a hydrogen reaction with glycerin. Previous studies showed that the main products from the hydrogenolysis of glycerin were propanediols and ethylene glycols, which are produced using the addition of hydrogen under relatively harsh conditions. However, Oxford researchers discovered a catalyst that—with the addition of hydrogen under relatively mild conditions—will completely break the carbon-carbon bonds within the glycerin, while keeping the carbon-oxygen bonds intact, which prevents hydrocarbon gases from being produced. The end product is methanol.

Here is the link to the full article.

Seaoil: local biofuel demand up by 2011

2008-11-10T22:38:00.000-08:00

By Anna Valmero

Anticipating the growth in local demand for biofuel, Seaoil Philippines Inc. said it will increase its total number of filling stations from 114 to 500 units by 2011, an executive said.

Biofuel is an alternative fuel that blends natural substances like ethanol from sugar cane and coco methyl ester (CME) from coconut to regular gasoline and diesel.

Seaoil Philippines expects to grow their number of stations by 300 percent because of the anticipated increasing local demand following the signing of the Biofuels Act in 2006, which will become effective in February 2007, said Art Cruz, marketing director of Seaoil Philippines.

“The consumers are more mature than before in exploring alternatives available to them. The youth, which are more open-minded in trying the biofuel, is creating the growing demand for it,” he said.

The Biofuels Act mandates that 5 percent of the annual volume of gasoline fuel sold and distributed by each gasoline company in the country will comprise bioethanol. This will be required two years after the effectivity of the law or starting February 2009.

By February 2011, the Department of Energy will mandate the increase in blend to at least 10 percent bioethanol (E10). A blend of 1 percent coco methyl ester (CME) extracted has taken effect in 2007 for biodiesel and will increase to 2 percent within the next two years.

This year, Seaoil Philippines has conducted repiping of its biofuel distribution systems to eliminate localized corrosion from pipes, pumps and tanks, said Bernadette Raymundo, vice president of supply and QCPD.

The company has invested P15 million for the project, excluding the costs for the depot sites.

The company replaced underground G1 pipes of filling stations with flexy pipes of fluoropolymer base material (Polyvinylidene fluoride-PVDF) to prevent problems in chemical compatibility with the biofuel, said Raymundo.

Tanks especially for CME were not coated because coated tanks tend to peel as CME or ethanol penetrates the undercoat adhesion, she added.

“The repiping was done to prevent leaks in nearby water pipes to enter the biofuel storage,” said Raymundo.

She said any water in the biofuel tank can contaminate the solution. This can cause phase separation of water and ethanol from gasoline. Moisture in gas can emulsify, resulting to a product with hazy appearance.

In September, Raymundo presented Seaoil’s biofuel program at the 2008 Ethanol and Biofuels Asia Conference in Singapore.

The program, which includes practices in transport, handling, blending, storage and other operational concerns, was recognized as model for adoption in Southeast Asia.

“We are the only country in the Southeast Asia with a law on biofuels. This bodes well for the Philippines as it gives us three years advantage in refining the technology and its implementation. With further efforts for development, this creates opportunities for sustainable energy production and thus, achievement of national energy security,” said Cruz.

Biofuels bring other benefits aside from cheaper cost, greater engine efficiency from cleaner burn and less air pollution. “Adoption of biofuels will also create market opportunities for the local coconut and sugar cane industries,” said Cruz.

The upcoming Asian free trade will create surplus of global products in the local market, which can kill local industries if regulation of imported goods is not well implemented, said Cruz.

By tapping the sugarcane and coconut for the production of ethanol and CME, respectively, Cruz said they are creating alternative markets for and support sustainability of the two local industries.

In September 2007, the Department of Agriculture validated a total of 60,250 hectares of new sugarcane areas that can produce a combined 274 million liters of bioethanol, Raymundo said.

This volume, she said, can meet the requirement under the Biofuels Act on the blending of crop-based alternative fuels with gasoline by 2009.

She cited the Sugar Regulatory Administration identified the 60,250 hectares are on top of the existing 388,003 hectares of sugarcane farms that can meet the country's sugar requirements

Seaoil has introduced biofuel, specifically the ethanol blended (E10) gasoline, through its 50 local filling stations in August 2005.

Raymundo said marketing E10 a year earlier before the Act was signed was difficult.

They launched a massive campaign to address the resistance of motorists especially those with carbureted and older model vehicles.

“Our efforts to advocate the use of biofuels are gradually paying off,” said Raymundo. “Right now, countries are turning their attention to the Philippines as global biofuel supplier. Countries in Southeast Asia eye the Philippines as a model for starting and implementing a biofuel program.”

Seaoil Philippines has teamed up with national Department of Energy, U.S. Department of Energy, U.S. Agency of International Development, Sustainable Energy Development Program and Chemrez Technologies in promoting biofuels.

To build motorists’ confidence in biofuels, Seaoil inked an alliance with the Automobile Association of the Philippines in 2006. Up to this day, all cars racing in the Philippine Touring Car Championship run on Seaoil E10 fuels and drivers are impressed by the cleaner burn they get from E10.

“Biofuels are preparing the world for the inevitable depletion of petroleum resources,” said Cruz. “And the Philippines is in a good position to reap the benefits of this growing market.

Source: Inquirer.net

Myco-diesel

2008-11-06T15:51:00.000-08:00

PARIS (AFP) — A reddish microbe found on the inside of a tree at a secret location in the rainforests of northern Patagonia could unlock the biofuel of the future, say scientists.

Its potential is so startling that the discoverers have coined the term "myco-diesel" -- a derivation of the word for fungus -- to describe the bouquet of hydrocarbons that it breathes.

"This is the only organism that has ever been shown to produce such an important combination of fuel substances," said Gary Strobel, a professor of biology at Montana State University.

"The fungus can even make these diesel compounds from cellulose, which would make it a better source of biofuel that anything we use at the moment."

The study appears on Tuesday in a peer-reviewed British journal, Microbiology.

Strobel, a 70-year-old veteran of the world's rainforests, told AFP that he came across Gliocladium roseum thanks to "two cases of serendipity. "

The first was in the late 1990s, when his team, working in Honduras, came across a previously unidentified fungus called Muscodor albus.

By sheer accident, they found that M. albus releases a powerful volatile -- meaning gassy -- antibiotic.

Intrigued by this, the team tested M. Albus on the ulmo tree, whose fibres are a known habitat for fungi, in the hope that this would show up a new fungus.

"Quite unexpectedly, G. roseum grew in the presence of these gases when almost all other fungi were killed. It was also making volatile antibiotics, " said Strobel.

"Then, when we examined the gas composition of G. roseum, we were totally surprised to learn that it was making a plethora of hydrocarbons and hydrocarbon derivatives. The results were totally unexpected and very exciting, and almost every hair on my arms stood on end."

Strobel's team put the G. roseum through its paces in the lab, growing it on an oatmeal-based jelly and on cellulose.

Extractor fans drew off the gases exuded by the fungus, and analysis showed that many of them were hydrocarbons, including at least eight compounds that are the most abundant ingredients in diesel.

Biofuels have been promoted as good alternatives to oil, which is sourced from politically volatile regions and is a major contributor to the greenhouse effect.

Plants store carbon from the atmosphere as a result of photosynthesis when they grow, and they release the carbon, as carbon dioxide (CO2), when they are burned.

Oil, though, comprises carbon that is stored underground. When it is burned the CO2 adds to the atmosphere.

One of the downsides of biofuels has been their impact on the world food market, because the present generation of fuels is derived from food crops that are grown on farmland.

Another avenue of exploration is in cheap, plentiful non-food fibrous plants and cellulose materials, such as switchgrass, wood chips and straw.

But these novel sources, hampered by costs and technical complications, are struggling to reach commercial scale.

"G. roseum can make myco-diesel directly from cellulose, the main compound found in plants and paper," said Strobel. "This means that if the fungus was used to make fuel a step in the production process could be skipped."

Instead of using farmland to grow biofuels, G. roseum could be grown in factories, like baker's yeast, and its gases siphoned off to be liquefied into fuel, he suggested.

Another alternative, he said, would be to strip out the enzyme-making genes from the fungus and use this to break down the cellulose to make the biodiesel.

Strobel said Montana State University had filed patents for the fungus, proceeds of which would be shared with local people.

G. roseum is a variant of a known fungus species called Gliocladium. "It might be" common in some forests, said Strobel.

Asked where the fungus had been found, he pointed to the experiences of the 1848 gold rush and said the location had to be protected: "The answer to that is, what if we pushed ourselves back about a hundred and fifty years and you heard a story about a guy finding gold out in California?"

Planned algae farm complex will produce algae biomass for conversion to biodiesel, ethanol and other commercial products in China

2008-10-14T23:08:00.000-07:00

PetroSun, Inc. (PINKSHEETS: PSUD) announced today that the Company has executed an agreement with Shanghai Jun Ya Yan Technology Development Co., Ltd. to establish a commercial scale algae farm system pilot facility within the People's Republic of China. The planned algae farm complex will produce algae biomass for conversion to biodiesel, ethanol and other commercial products.

The terms of the agreement include a forty million dollar ($40,000,000US) sole funding commitment from Shanghai Jun Ya Yan Technology Development for the construction and equipping of the initial algae farm system. The profits from the venture will be allocated on a 50/50 basis between the parties. PetroSun China has been granted the license from PetroSun, Inc. for the algae-to-biofuel technology and will manage the operations in China.

About PetroSun

PetroSun, Inc. is a diversified energy company with technology and operations in the commercialization of algae-to-biofuels, microbial enhanced oil recovery, oil and gas exploration and development and oilfield pipe and supply.

For more information about PetroSun visit the company's website at www.petrosuninc.com.

Except historical matter contained herein, matters discussed in this news release are forward-looking statements and are made pursuant to the safe harbor provision of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. These forward-looking statements reflect assumptions and involve risks and uncertainties, which may affect the Company's business and prospects and cause actual results to differ materially from these forward-looking statements.

SOURCE: PetroSun, Inc.

Kenyans turn to biodiesel

2008-08-23T03:57:00.000-07:00

by Mwangi Mumero

The fuel produced can be used to run all diesel engines without detrimental effects to theperformance of the vehicle or its various components

“Initially, many vehicle owners were apprehensive about the biodiesel and worried that it might have negative effects on the engine. But word of mouth from matatu drivers using the fuel did the trick”, said Benard Muchiri, the director of a centre which produces croton diesel.

Reluctance soon gave way to confidence after a number of drivers reported filling their tanks repeatedly without encountering noticeable problems.

The biodiesel is being produced in a pilot-project by the Help Self-Help Centre, a community development organisation in the area under the Kenya Eco-energy programme.

The one month old project aims at becoming the catalyst and source of relevant data on the production and use of biodiesel as an alternative to fossil fuels in the Mt Kenya region.

Biodiesel Byproduct Converted Into Omega-3 Fatty Acids

2008-08-23T03:52:00.000-07:00

The typical American diet often lacks omega-3 fatty acids despite clinical research that shows their potential human health benefits. Zhiyou Wen, assistant professor of biological systems engineering in Virginia Tech's College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, found a way to grow these compounds using a byproduct of the emerging biodiesel industry.

He presented his findings at the 236th national meeting of the American Chemical Society (ACS) in Philadelphia, Pa., on August 21.

"High energy prices have led to an increase in biodiesel production, which in turn has led to an increase in the amount of crude glycerol in the market," said Wen, who explained that biodiesel plants leave behind approximately 10 percent crude glycerol during the production process.

This has led the price of glycerol, a chemical compound widely used in the pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries, to drop in recent years. The rise in biodiesel production over the last decade means that the market can no longer absorb all the extra glycerol. Biodiesel producers must find alternative means for disposing of crude glycerol, which is prohibitively expensive to purify for industry use. Wen and his colleagues have developed a novel fermentation process using microalgae to produce omega-3 fatty acids from crude glycerol

"We have shown that it is possible to use the crude glycerol byproduct from the biodiesel industry as a carbon source for microalgae that produce omega-3 fatty acids," said Wen, who added that the impurities in crude glycerol may actually be beneficial to algal growth. "After thorough chemical analysis, we have also shown that the algae biomass composition has the same quality as the commercial algae product."

After growing the algae in the crude glycerol, researchers can use it as an animal feed. This mimics a process in nature in which fish, the most common source of omega-3 fatty acid for humans, eat the algae and then retain the healthful compounds in their bodies. Humans who consume the fish in turn consume the omega 3s. Fish-derived products such as fish oil are an inexpensive alternative, but the taste has deterred widespread use.

Wen has partnered with Steven Craig, senior research scientist at Virginia Cobia Farms, to use crude glycerol-derived algae as a fish feed. "The results so far have been promising," Wen said. "The fish fed the algae had significant amounts of omega-3 fatty acids."

He and Audrey McElroy, associate professor of animal and poultry sciences, are now trying to determine whether the algae would work as a chicken feed. Kumar Mallikarjunan, associate professor of biological systems engineering, is also working with Wen to determine the fate of omega 3s after they enter the food supply. Researchers do not yet know whether oxidation would have a major impact on omega-3 fatty acids stored in cheese, for example.

Funding for this research has come from the Virginia Agricultural Council, U.S. Poultry and Egg Association, Fats and Proteins Research Foundation, Virginia Sea Grant, and Virginia Commercial Fisheries and Shellfish Technologies.

Wen presented his paper, "Production of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid from biodiesel-waste glycerol by microalgal fermentation (AGFD 272)," as a part of a session sponsored by the ACS Division of Agricultural and Food Chemistry.
=====================
Adapted from materials provided by Virginia Tech, via EurekAlert!, a service of AAAS.

Biodiesel and diesel test showed comparable fuel efficiency

2008-08-23T03:47:00.000-07:00

This is based on www.etrucker.com.

The study, which began in the fall of 2006, consists of two groups of 10 Decker semi-tractors running with flatbed trailers on matched routes to either Minneapolis or Chicago. The control group uses 100 percent No. 2 petroleum diesel, and the B20 test group uses a blend of 20 percent biodiesel from Renewable Energy Group and 80 percent No. 2 petroleum diesel. The partners say data have been analyzed routinely for fuel efficiency, maintenance records and fuel quality, as well as for monitoring cold weather performance.
The partners say these findings mimic fuel efficiency test results released this week by the National Renewable Energy Lab and the National Biodiesel Board, showing comparable mileage between B20 and ultra-low-sulfur diesel. “Fleet owners, fuel managers and owner-operators can be confident about biodiesel utilization in their over-the-road operation because of the results of the Two Million Mile Haul demonstration,” said Tom Verry, National Biodiesel Board director of outreach and development.
There also may be additional benefits for a trucking company using biodiesel. “We are receiving positive feedback from customers who see the 'green' benefits of using a trucking company that runs on biodiesel,” said Steve Lursen, special projects manager for Decker Truck Lines Inc. “By using a renewable fuel, Decker is actually picking up additional business.”

For the full report, visit their website.

PHILIPPINES' PETRON LIFTS FIRST ETHANOL PRODUCTS

2008-08-15T14:48:00.000-07:00

MANILA, Aug 07, 2008 (AsiaPulse via COMTEX) -- Market leader Petron Corporation announced on Wednesday that it finally purchased 23,000 liters of ethanol from Leyte Agri Corp., the first locally-produced fuel grade ethanol, to be used in its E10 Premium gasoline. "We strongly support the local production of ethanol as a gasoline additive since it will drive capital investments in rural areas, create more jobs and more importantly, it will lessen the country's dependence on imported fuel," Petron Chairman Nicasio I. Alcantara said.

Last month, Petron launched its E10 Premium product in selected service stations in Metro Manila as part of its efforts to make available cheaper and more environment- friendly fuels for motorists.

The company's E10 Premium is priced P2.00 per liter cheaper than its 93 octane gasoline.

The use of ethanol in gasoline will also have a positive impact on the environment since it is biodegradable and reduces harmful exhaust emissions added Alcantara.

Leyte Agri Corp., owns the first manufacturing plant in the country able to produce fuel grade ethanol.

Petron E10 Premium is a new specially formulated unleaded gasoline that meets and even exceeds the requirements of the Philippine Biofuels Law. It contains 10 percent fuel grade Ethanol and 90 percent Petron Premium Unleaded Gasoline with enhanced fuel additive.

According to Alcantara this unique additive allows the removal of existing deposits, which results in improved power and fuel economy. The companys introduction of ethanol is ahead of the implementation of the Biofuels Law of 2006.

"The early introduction of our E10 Premium product, ahead of the government mandate, underscores our desire to bring the benefits of ethanol-blended gasoline to our customers and stakeholders as soon as possible," Alcantara added.

Apart from Leyte Agri Corp., Petron also signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) with San Carlos Bioenergy, Inc. (SCBI) in the middle of 2006 to off-take SCBIs entire ethanol production.

SCBI is constructing an integrated sugar mill, cogeneration plant and distillery complex for ethanol production in Negros Occidental. The facility will produce 125,000 liters of ethanol daily. The plant is expected to be operational by the end of this year.

Ethanol is a high-octane, water-free alcohol produced from sugar cane and other crops such as corn, cassava, sweet sorghum. It is used as a blending component at 5 percent-10 percent concentration in gasoline. Unlike fossil fuels, ethanol is virtually inexhaustible since agricultural products can be grown and harvested continually under a sustainable system.

Petron E10 Premium may be used in majority of fuel-injected vehicles without the need for expensive engine modification. The company said that its service station personnel can provide assistance to first- time users who may want more information on the product.

Republic Act 9367 or the Biofuels law mandates a 5 percent bioethanol blend into gasoline by 2009 and 10 percent blend in 2011.

For 2009, the country's demand for bioethanol is seen to reach to 300 million liters per day and 600 million liters per day in 2011.

Because of this projected demand in bioethanol, the country needs 15 to 20 plants. So far, there are only two plants under construction in the country, the San Carlos and the First Bukidnon which are expected to fully commercially operational next year and by 2009 respectively.

(PNA)

Alternative Biofuel

2008-07-24T00:31:00.000-07:00

Biofuel from Sunflower: A bright opportunity for the sun-loving bloom

by Rita T. dela Cruz

In a bid to decrease the country's over dependence on fuel, various research institutions started to focus their leads in studying and identifying some of the most cost-effective and environment-friendly energy source to produce biofuels. Biofuels, such as bioethanol, biodiesel and biogas, are renewable fuels that are generally produced from agricultural crops or organic matter.

This effort to find alternative bio-source is also in accordance with the recent passing into law of the Biofuel Acts or SB 2226 and the Department of Agriculture (DA)'s drive towards energy independence. The law requires that “a minimum of 1% biodiesel by volume shall be blended into all diesel engine fuels sold in the country subject to domestic supply and availability of locally sourced biodiesel component.” Violators are penalized with one to five years imprisonment and a fine ranging from Php1 million to Php5 million.

Among the crops identified as potential sources of bioethanol are: sugarcane, sweet sorghum, coconut, corn, cassava, and jathropa. And now, sunflower is also coming into the picture as another potential bio-source for ethanol.

The potential of sunflower (along with rapeseed) is also being studied in Taipei in their effort to look for more domestic feedstocks coupled with best available and affordable technology.

Even the Brazilian agricultural experts are now optimizing the potential of sunflower by learning how to transform sunflowers into biofuel in the most cost-effective means. Other renewable energy sources that they are looking into are soybean and oilseed rape.

Meanwhile, an Italian farming association is working on biofuels produced from sunflowers and sugar beets. Its sunflower oil-powered boat premiered at the recent Kyoto Protocol conference in Montreal. It sounded a bit off-beat, but the boat ran fine. According to experts, if this project pushes through in the market, this biofuel is going to be relatively inexpensive. It was also reported that everything smelled faintly like French fries after the demonstration.

According to Dr. Heraldo L. Layaoen, vice president for administration, planning and external linkages of the Mariano Marcos State University (MMSU) and overall coordinator of the DA-BAR Sweet Sorghum Project, anything (crops) with cellulose can be produced into bioethanol, the main difference lies on how ease is the conversion into ethanol and how cost effective is the production. Currently, with the technologies in tact and the varieties of seeds available, DA is endorsing the use of sugarcane and sweet sorghum as feedstocks. But as research on bioethanol continues to proliferate, more potential crops are coming into the scene.

Sunflowers in the Philippines
Sunflower (Helianthus annuus) is an annual plant that belongs to the family of Asteraceae and is native in North and South America. Although it is not commonly grown in the Philippines, it can thrive in its soil. The giant sunflowers (grows up to 12 feet with head up to 3 inches wide) are native in the eastern United States. The common and recommended variety of sunflower in the Philippines is the hybrid type, which grows up to 105 days after planting.

There's a reason why they are called the sun-loving flowers. Sunflower is a classic example of heliotropism, or the involuntary response of plant to the sun. It turns its head directly to face the sun and reorients overnight to wait for the rising of the sunrise. So, early dawn, looking at them in a vast area of a sunflower field, they look all drooped and weak.

Sunflowers in the Philippines are grown for ornamental purposes and for its edible oil. Specifically, at Central Luzon State University (CLSU), they have been growing sunflower since early 70s, mainly for its edible oil. Sunflower oil, extracted from the seeds, is used for cooking. Its oil is less expensive (and heathier) than olive oil. Its fatty acid content is composed of high oleic type that contains higher level of healthy monosaturated fats.

At the moment, CLSU is reviving its sunflower production not for the edible oil but for biofuel. The sunflower seeds contain 36-42% oil and 38% protein meal.

Growing sunflowers
According to the group of researchers from CLSU, the best time for planting sunflower is from October to January for the first crop and February to May for the second crop.

To grow sunflower well, the area for planting should have good irrigation facilities. A moderate to well-drained soil is the basic soil requirement. The group added that, soil used in growing corn, rice, and vegetable is also suitable for sunflower production.

It is important to prepare the land before planting sunflowers. The recommended system of planting is single row with 75 cm space between rows and 25 cm between mounds. Seeding rate is 18-20 kg/ha given that there are 2-3 seeds with 3-4 cm depth for each mound. It is important to thin and off-bar, 14 days after the emergence of plants and to hill-up after 30 days.

Although chemical control is recommended, proper use must always take into consideration. Wilted plants must be burned immediately to avoid further complications. Bees are also important in increasing seed setting up to 20% since they act as pollinators.

-------
Sources:
Agustin, M.B., Q.D. dela Cruz, and T.M. Aganon. 2007. “Technoguide for Sunflower Production for Biofuel” Central Luzon State University, Science City of Muñoz, Nueva Ecija.
“APEC Symposium on Foresighting Future Fuel Technology: Future Strategies for Biofuel Roadmap”
“Brazilian Agricultural Experts Learn to Transform Sunflowers into Biofuel”
“Biofuel Boating News” posted December 2005.
www.bar.gov.ph

Pricey Chemicals Gleaned From Biodiesel Waste

2008-07-03T17:01:00.000-07:00

In a move that promises to change the economics of biodiesel refining, chemical engineers at Rice University have unveiled a set of techniques for cleanly converting problematic biofuels waste into chemicals that fetch a profit.

The latest research is available online in the journal Metabolic Engineering. The new paper and others published earlier this year describe a new fermentation process that allows E. coli and other enteric bacteria to convert glycerin -- the major waste byproduct of biodiesel production -- into formate, succinate and other valuable organic acids.

"Biodiesel producers used to sell their leftover glycerin, but the rapid increase in biodiesel production has left them paying to get rid of it," said lead researcher Ramon Gonzalez, Rice's William W. Akers Assistant Professor in Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering. "The new metabolic pathways we have uncovered paved the way for the development of new technologies for converting this waste product into high-value chemicals."

About one pound of glycerin, also known as glycerol, is created for every 10 pounds of biodiesel produced. According to the National Biodiesel Board, U.S. companies produced about 450 million gallons of biodiesel in 2007, and about 60 new plants with a production capacity of 1.2 billion gallons are slated to open by 2010.

Gonzalez's team last year announced a new method of glycerol fermentation that used E. coli to produce ethanol, another biofuel. Even though the process was very efficient, with operational costs estimated to be about 40 percent less that those of producing ethanol from corn, Gonzalez said new fermentation technologies that produce high-value chemicals like succinate and formate hold even more promise for biodiesel refiners because those chemicals are more profitable than ethanol.

"With fundamental research, we have identified the pathways and mechanisms that mediate glycerol fermentation in E. coli," Gonzalez said. "This knowledge base is enabling our efforts to develop new technologies for converting glycerol into high-value chemicals."

Gonzalez said scientists previously believed that the only organisms that could ferment glycerol were those capable of producing a chemical called 1,3-propanediol, also known as 1,3-PDO. Unfortunately, neither the bacterium E. coli nor the yeast Saccharomyces -- the two workhorse organisms of biotechnology -- were able to produce 1,3-PDO.

Gonzalez's research revealed a previously unknown metabolic pathway for glycerol fermentation, a pathway that uses 1,2-PDO, a chemical similar to 1,3-PDO, that E. coli can produce.

"The reason this probably hadn't been discovered before is that E. coli requires a particular set of fermentation conditions for this pathway to be activated," Gonzalez said. "It wasn't easy to zero in on these conditions, so it wasn't the sort of process that someone would stumble upon by accident."

Once the new metabolic pathways were identified, Gonzalez's team began using metabolic engineering to design new versions of E. coli that could produce a range of high-value products. For example, while run-of-the-mill E. coli ferments glycerol to produce very little succinate, Gonzalez's team has created a new version of the bacterium that produces up to 100 times more. Succinate is a high-demand chemical feedstock that's used to make everything from noncorrosive airport deicers and nontoxic solvents to plastics, drugs and food additives. Most succinate today comes from nonrenewable fossil fuels.

Gonzalez said he's had similar success with organisms designed to produce other high-value chemicals, including formate and lactate.

"Our goal goes beyond using this for a single process," he said. "We want to use the technology as a platform for the 'green' production of a whole range of high-value products."

Technologies based on Gonzalez's work have been licensed to Glycos Biotechnologies Inc., a Houston-based startup company that plans to open its first demonstration facility within the next 12 months.

The research was supported by the U.S. Department of Agriculture, the National Science Foundation, Rice University and Glycos Biotechnologies.

Biofuels: Muddled issues

2008-05-21T21:30:00.000-07:00

By Corazon PB. Claudio

MANILA, Philippines--Despite the raging debate on the pros and cons of biofuels, some countries are fast increasing their biofuel production.

The European Union, the largest market for biofuels, aims to make biofuels account for 5.75 percent of its transport fuels by 2010 and 10 percent by 2020. In the Association of Southeast Asian Nations, Thailand is expected to be the region's leading producer of biofuels.

What should we do in the Philippines? Biofuels are part of the uncertain energy and food environment that demands serious decision making. It involves the views and preferences of many decision makers and stakeholders, from farmers to top policy makers.

Decisions taken now may have long-run implications on the use of lands and other resources.

For similar important cases beset with uncertainty, most big corporations in the world apply decision analysis. In applying it, we must first define the values and preferences of the decision maker (or the group of stakeholders), specify the decisions to be made and identify the alternatives.

The relevant values and preferences in this case could be a) increased income for farmers through agricultural development; b) sustainable and secure food, feeds and fuel sources; and c) greening of the environment by using cleaner fuel.

Issues
Reacting to the rice crisis, some legislators now call for suspension of the implementation of the Biofuels Act of 2006, which mandates the progressive production and use of biofuels. This is one decision point that is clouded by uncertainty.

The most important issues associated with biofuels are rural poverty, food security, energy security and the food vs. fuel issue.

Various groups in other parts of the world have been studying these issues. We can refer to the results of their studies, since we have not done our own in a significant way.

One ongoing study is funded by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation at Stanford University. The research team includes Prof. Walter Falcon, former chair of IRRI, who kindly shared with me an initial report on their research.

Their policy research on the food vs. fuel issue involves a quantitative assessment of the effect of biofuels expansion on food security in the developing world.

Rural poverty and food security
The Stanford study concluded that "it is likely that aggregate investments in agricultural development at the national or regional level will be more successful in reducing rural poverty than individual biofuels investments by specific companies or groups."

Hence, to achieve "increased income for farmers through agricultural development" and "food security," we need to invest more in agricultural development, including sustainable technologies and infrastructure for food production and marketing and smallholder farmers' access to land, capital, credit and technology.

The investments must also ensure availability of water, which is essential to food production, but is now the subject of another crisis.

Biofuels may not help much in achieving increased income of farmers. But suspending the Biofuels Law will not help raise incomes or secure food supply. Adequate investments in agricultural development will most likely do both.

Energy Security
Energy security is a major issue facing us. In applying decision analysis on energy supply, the availability and price of imported fuel are uncertain variables that we cannot control. We can only adopt measures to adjust to them.

We need to focus on what we can control. Producing our own fuel, such as biofuels, is one of them. How to do so is the challenge that requires work.

We need to attend also to energy demand, e.g., by applying energy conservation measures. Biofuels production that provides for active participation of local people could also lead to improved demand management.

Food versus Fuel
The issue seems to boil down to what crop to plant for biofuel and where, so that it will not compete with food needs.

We still have many underutilized lands so I will focus more on the crop. Emerging crop choices in the Philippines are coconut (which is already being used for biodiesel production), sugar cane (which will be the feedstock for a bioethanol plant that will soon operate in Negros), sweet sorghum (which the International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics recommends as major feedstock for bioethanol), jatropha (which receives priority government attention), and malunggay (which can produce oil for both food and fuel). All, except jatropha, have food, feed and fuel uses. Algae and waste biomass, which are gaining more interest in other countries, can also be produced in the Philippines.

Some major considerations in choosing a feedstock are energy yield of a crop, production costs and returns, effects on farmers and employment and impact on the environment (on soil, water, biodiversity, land use, and climate).

Preliminary results of the Stanford study have concluded that the effects of biofuels on food prices can be traced through the responsiveness of supply and demand of the crops to prices (which depends on substitution possibilities in production and consumption for food, feed and fuel), the ability of countries to expand land area and raise yields for biofuel feedstock, market integration between the biofuels and fossil fuels markets and policy incentives.

Recommendations
The long-run effects, the study says, depend on changing incomes, tastes, biofuels research and development, and infrastructure investments.

The EU hopes to achieve its goals by cultivating more land, increasing land productivity and crop quality with modern plant breeding techniques and biotechnology, and focusing on the production of biofuels from cellulose and agricultural waste (the second generation fuels) instead of starch, sugar and oils (the first generation ones).

How do we hope to achieve ours?

First, we must strengthen our research and development capability so that we can analyze existing biofuel alternatives, create new ones and give well-thought out responses to issues raised. We must mobilize our best scientists and provide them with adequate laboratory and other facilities so they can help create new or improved fuel, as well as food and feed, sources and systems.

The ripple effects of biofuels on food security, as the initial Stanford report concludes, depend on the country and its policies. In our country, we must improve our policy making, conduct more rigorous decision analysis, and act faster. We must invest more in agricultural development now if we want to achieve food security.

It is not clear what difference suspension of the implementation of the Biofuels Act will make. But if the approved Biofuels Act is flawed to begin with, we should, perhaps, suspend law-making until such time that more thinking goes into it.

(The author is president of EARTH Institute Asia Inc. and director/host of dzRH's Kalikasan, Kaunlaran!, which will feature biofuels on May 21, 7:30- 8:30 p.m. A Balik-Scientist and TOWNS Awardee for Science and Technology Energy Program in the late '80s. Feedback at map@globelines.com.ph. For previous articles, please visit .)

AF&V Conference and Alternative Fuels Steer the Transition to the Future of Transportation

2008-04-17T14:10:00.000-07:00

Las Vegas, NV, March 31, 2008 - Alternative Fuel Vehicle Institute hosts the14th annual Alternative Fuels & Vehicles Conference + Expo 2008, in Las Vegas, Nevada, May 11-14. The fuel and technology neutral conference welcomes 2,000 public and commercial fleet decision-makers to the foremost learning marketplace in the world featuring the fuels, vehicles and technologies available today that provide an alternative to fossil fuels. Fifty sessions feature many of the leading decision-makers in alternative fuels and technologies, representing vehicle manufacturers, fuel suppliers,
government agencies and parts manufacturers. Session topics include legislation, funding, product availability, plug-in hybrids, ports, EPA engine standards, biofuels updates, electric drive advances, and tours of Las Vegas city, transit, water district and taxi operation facilities.

"We are at a crossroads in the history of transportation," said AFVi
Executive Director, Annalloyd Thomason. "Fossil fuel based mobility is giving way to new demands for greater fuel efficiency, cleaner vehicles, and alternatives to petroleum. Those hardest hit are the fleet managers trying to navigate this new terrain. This conference presents the available options that will steer us to our transportation future."

More than 200 speakers will be making presentations in the general and concurrent sessions, as well as in Expo Hall's "Technology Showcase." Among the companies represented by speakers are AutoblogGreen, California Fuel Cell Partnership, Central Indiana Clean Cities Alliance, Edmunds.com, Enterprise Rent-a-Car, Environmental Protection Agency, Google, Navy Exchange Arlington, Odyne, Pacific Gas & Electric, UPS, VeraSun Energy, and spokespeople from all participating auto manufacturers.

Conference sponsors and exhibitors represent the products and services that define the industry today. The leading sponsors include the American Clean Skies Foundation, Clean Energy, American Honda, Foton America Bus Company, General Motors and Toyota. Some of the 100 participating exhibitors include Austin Energy Plug-in Partners, Cummins Westport, Ethanol Promotion and Information Council, Ford, Freightliner, Global Electric Motorcars, National Biodiesel Board, Phoenix Motorcars, Propane Education and Research Council, and Sterling Trucks. Technology Showcase presentations and giveaways also take place in the Expo Hall. Attendees have an opportunity to test drive vehicles during the May 13 Ride-n-Drive.

Fleet Day, sponsored by the Ethanol Promotion and Information Council, is Tuesday, May 13, from 9:00 a.m. to 6:00 p.m. Any fleet representative with ten or more vehicles is eligible for complimentary admission, with a company business card. The general public is invited to participate at no charge on Wednesday, May 14, for Public Day. The hours are 9:00 a.m. to noon at the Rio Convention Center Pavilion.

The Alternative Fuels & Vehicles Conference & Expo 2008 is at the Rio All-Suite Hotel, 3700 West Flamingo Road, Las Vegas. Pre-registration is open through May 2, 2008. Register today by going to http://www.afvi.org/NationalConference2008/.

About AFVi:

AFVi is an entrepreneurial organization that works through industry to bring people in need of proven transportation technologies together with those who can meet their needs. The AFVi is the education provider and information link between the alternative fuels and vehicles industry and public/private fleets. The primary business of the company is to advance the interests of OEMs, fuel providers and their associated business partners through education, outreach and deployment. AFVi is fuel and technology neutral.

50% CO2 reduction from home-grown biodiesel

2008-04-03T22:54:00.000-07:00

Study confirms 50% CO2 reduction from use of home-grown biodiesel

High-quality biodiesel from oilseed rape, grown and produced in the South Island by Biodiesel New Zealand, is sustainable, emitting around 50% less carbon dioxide over its life cycle than mineral diesel. This exceeds the 35% criteria proposed by the Parliamentary Commissioner for the Environment.
That’s the conclusion of an independent life cycle assessment carried out for the company of greenhouse gas emissions and primary energy for the production of biodiesel from oilseed rape, from the cultivation of the rapeseed, through to oil extraction and the refining and processing of the biodiesel.

Biodiesel New Zealand General Manager, Paul Quinn, says that the company shares concerns expressed yesterday by Dr Jan Wright, the Parliamentary Commissioner for the Environment, to the Local Government and Environment Select Committee about the sustainability of biofuels and their true environmental and economic impacts.

“However, as we discussed with the Select Committee last month, biodiesel made from oilseed rape will contribute positively to greenhouse gas reduction targets and can be grown in such as way that it does not displace food production. In fact, oilseed rape has benefits for agriculture as a break crop for cereals, improving cereal yields in following years. The oil extraction process also creates a high-value stock feed which replaces imported material such palm oil husk,” Mr Quinn says.

“We completely understand the issues raised by the PCE and others about the sustainability of biodiesel, which is why we commissioned this independent life cycle analysis of biodiesel, based on New Zealand conditions, as we didn’t believe that studies carried out in other countries would necessarily be applicable here.

“The conclusion of our study is good news for the local industry and confirms that oilseed rape will make a sustainable contribution to our national response to climate change and that it is 55% more energy-efficient than mineral diesel. As a result biodiesel will enhance New Zealand’s energy security through onshore fuel production.

“Biodiesel New Zealand supports the development of a strong and sustainable New Zealand biofuels industry which generates a range of sustainable feedstocks. We can learn from the rest of the world, but we need to learn from the international experience of many years and refine those techniques to ensure that our industry is sustainable and will contribute to the reduction of New Zealand’s greenhouse gas emissions,” Mr Quinn concludes.

Biodiesel New Zealand, a subsidiary of Solid Energy New Zealand Ltd, currently produces biodiesel from used cooking oil and will next year expand production to use oilseed rape as a feedstock. The company currently has 6,000 hectares of oilseed rape planted from which the company expects to produce more than 10 million litres of pure biodiesel after the 2009 harvest. Biodiesel New Zealand plans to produce 70 million litres a year of sustainable transport fuel, made from oilseed rape and used cooking oil, within the next three years. The company will open a new production facility at an industrial site in Christchurch next year.

Source: Solid Energy NZ

HyPower Fuel Releases Details on Ultra-Green Biodiesel Process and HyPower Fuel Limited Partnership Format

2008-03-25T02:52:00.000-07:00

WILMINGTON, Del. HyPower Fuel Inc. (Pinksheets: HYPF) is pleased to release details on its newly acquired ultra-green biodiesel process for the North American market.

Mr. Douglas Bender, President of HyPower Fuel, reports that “we firmly believe that our biodiesel process is the world’s most cost-effective and environmentally friendly method of producing biodiesel. Our process uses no water and virtually no hazardous chemicals other than methanol, which is a common denominator in any biodiesel process. Due to the fact that we use no chemicals in pre-treatment, we do not have any phosphates or sulfates which have to be removed. Having no pre-treatment and post-treatment dramatically reduces our input and operating costs. In addition, our reaction time from feedstock to a biodiesel product meeting ASTM standards is approximately two hours. These are all major improvements over conventional biodiesel technologies.”

Doug Bender went on to say that “our small scale biodiesel plant has been a virtual gold mine in providing a Proof of Technology and in displaying how the process works to interested parties. All visitors who have seen the plant in operation have been extremely impressed and we are now fielding proposals for use of our technology within the HyPower Fuels Limited Partnership (HFLP) format that we have developed. Essentially the HFLP format is a joint venture that provides for HyPower to provide the technology and technical expertise in return for a 50% ownership of biodiesel plants built using our “best in class” technology. The remaining 50% would be owned by our funding partner. Each plant built under the HFLP format would provide a positive revenue stream to HyPower in terms of royalties, technical fees, construction fees and operating profits. We have received a number of expressions of interest from major entities wishing to be a partner for one or more plants using the HFLP format.”

About HyPower Fuel Inc.

HyPower Fuel, Inc. is a category leading company in the energy technology sector, focusing on providing innovative alternative energy using environmentally beneficial processes. HyPower is currently commercializing the integration of green alternative fuel technologies to improve overall energy performance and efficiency. For more information please visit: www.hypowerfuel.com

Safe Harbor

Statements about the Company's future expectations and all other statements in this press release other than historical facts, are "forward-looking statements" within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, and as that term is defined in the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. The Company intends that such forward-looking statements be subject to the safe harbors created thereby. The above information contains information relating to the Company that is based on the beliefs of the Company and/or its management as well as assumptions made by and information currently available to the Company or its management. Factors that could cause results to differ include, but are not limited to, successful performance of internal plans, the impact of competitive services and pricing and general economic risks and uncertainties.

Investor Relations:
Taylor Capitol, Inc.
Stephen Taylor, 973-351-3868
STEPHTAYL9@AOL.COM

Tellurian Biodiesel Acquires Superior Process Technologies

2008-02-06T15:24:00.000-08:00

07 Feb 2008 - Tellurian Biodiesel, independent maker and marketer of sustainable high-quality biodiesel, announced an agreement to acquire Superior Process Technologies (SPT) from Baker Commodities.

Early to identify the emerging opportunity for biodiesel in the U.S., Baker Commodities invested in SPT in December 2003 to develop technology for the conversion of rendered materials into high-quality biodiesel. Tellurian has been collaborating with Baker and SPT on the construction and upgrade of biodiesel plants since 2006.

Engineering expertise and technology acquired in the deal positions Tellurian to move forward with plans for a nationwide network of plants capable of converting America's abundance of recycled feedstocks and other domestic fats and oils into biodiesel that exceeds both ASTM and EN quality specifications.

The new deal also gives Tellurian the technology to turn low-grade raw materials into high-quality fuels at prices that can compete with petrodiesel.

SPT will serve as Tellurian's engineering department, and Tellurian will continue to offer Baker access to research and development that assist its ongoing efforts in the field. All current SPT employees will be kept on to continue development of innovative process technologies needed to convert commonly available and new, unique bio-based feedstocks such as algae oil and trap grease into renewable fuels.

Cognis Extends its Patented Biodiesel Testing System to Diesel Distributors

2008-01-30T15:28:00.000-08:00

Results-in-two-minutes will Help Diesel Distributors Quickly Test and Better Price Every Load of its Biodiesel Blends

Cognis Corporation, through its QTA® System business, recently announced that it has successfully developed a BioDiesel Blend Analysis that, in just two minutes, can accurately measure biodiesel percentages in biodiesel-diesel blends.

Cincinnati, OH. January 30, 2008 -- Cognis Corporation, through its QTA® System business, recently announced that it has successfully developed a BioDiesel Blend Analysis that, in just two minutes, can accurately measure biodiesel percentages in biodiesel-diesel blends. Long known for its ability to accurately test the quality of biodiesel production, the QTA System can now quickly and economically determine the blend percentages for each diesel load leaving a distribution facility.

Barbara Stefl, Global Business Director, said, "Much like the quality testing process currently used in our customer's biodiesel production plants, just a small drop of diesel fuel is all it takes to determine whether the fuel you are selling was properly blended and accurately priced given its biodiesel concentration. And, because the QTA System can measure the blend concentration of a fuel load in just two minutes, you have time to change pricing or adjust the blend percentage before the load leaves the terminal. Our approach does not require a lab or a chemist to operate."

Cognis' QTA patented BioDiesel Blend Analysis starts by digitizing the light spectra of the diesel fuel using proven infrared technology. Those spectra are then sent, via the internet, to Cognis' central database where algorithms converts the spectra, in real-time, into standard quality measurements or percentage measurements that are viewed online. All this occurs in less than two minutes.

Cognis' QTA system is offered on a subscription basis and does not require any capital investment. The monthly subscription includes an easy-to-use infrared spectrometer, software for a standard PC and unlimited use of Cognis' Chingometric™ centrally-calibrated algorithms that covert the light spectra into actionable information.

Cognis QTA will be conducting real-time demonstrations of its new BioDiesel Blend and its BioDiesel Quality Testing System at the National BioDiesel Conference & Expo on February 3-6 in Orlando, Florida.

About QTA®
QTA® is a service business of Cognis Corporation -a worldwide supplier of innovative specialty chemicals and nutritional ingredients, with a particular focus on the areas of wellness and sustainability. The company employs about 7,700 people, and it operates production sites and service centers in 30 countries. Cognis' QTA® business provides on-site, ready-to-use analytical capabilities without additional investment in equipment or personnel. Patented, centralized calibration technology enhances accuracy. For more information on the QTA® system, visit http://www.qta.com .

Cognis is owned by private equity funds advised by Permira, GS Capital Partners, and SV Life Sciences. In 2006, Cognis recorded sales of 3.37 billion euros and an Adjusted EBITDA (operating result) of 394 million euros.

Making BioDiesel

2008-01-04T01:23:00.000-08:00

This article is taken from www.schnews.org.uk. Reprinted here. Read and Enjoy.

- It’s a piece of piss

There’s nothing we like more at SchNEWS towers than a spot of DIY, be it a pint of homebrew or a free party. But one piece of DIY that we reckon is up there with free parties is home made diesel.

Yep, forget about handing your hard-earned coffers over to the corrupt, greedy and killing corporations like Shell and BP, take a squeezy bottle, a piece of sticky backed plastic and make your own biodiesel. No seriously, biodiesel is a fuel made from waste vegetable oil, of which there is literally tons of the stuff being dumped in landfill sites up and down the country! This otherwise waste is easily collected from chip shops and restaurants and without too much hassle processed to make biodiesel that can be used to run any diesel engine. Biodiesel, far from being an inferior homemade product, is better for your engine than the usual crappy fossil-based fuel that is helping to screw up the environment and people’s health. Biodiesel can be made in your own backyard with little start up cost involved and works out at about 30 pence per litre. Wanna know more? Then read on.

Let’s first rewind and go back to the beginning of the 1900s where Dr Rudolf Diesel has just invented the diesel engine and is displaying it at the Paris exhibition. Sat right there is the mother of all diesel engines happily chugging away running on peanut oil! Rudolf had designed the Diesel engine to be run a variety of fuels and during his Paris speech said, "the diesel engine can be fed with vegetable oils and will help considerably in the development of the agriculture of the countries which use it." Sounds good for developing countries but not so good for the petroleum industry. A few years later and Rudolf Diesel’s body is found drifting face down in the English Channel. After holding secret talks with the UK navy about fitting diesel engines into their submarine fleet Rudolf Diesel was killed by the French to stop his diesel technology being fitted into submarines over the world, nothing new there then! After Diesel’s death the petroleum industry capitalised on the diesel engine by naming one of their crappy by-products of petroleum distillation ‘diesel fuel’. That’s how dirty diesel fuel has come to be the fuel for diesel engines.

Fast-forward to the beginning of a brave new millennium, one where oil is running out, the climate is fucked and Biodiesel can save the world, well no but it can do its bit!

A few facts on biodiesel

Biodiesel is biodegradable and non-toxic. 100% biodiesel is as biodegradable as sugar and less toxic than table salt. It biodegrades up-to four times faster than petroleum diesel fuel with up-to 98% biodegradation in three weeks. However, contrary to a popular misconception, it stores indefinitely in completely full, cool, dark containers. Compared to crappy fossil fuel diesel, biodiesel has the following emissions characteristics:

* 100% reduction of net carbon dioxide
* 100% reduction of sulphur dioxide
* 40-60% reduction of soot emissions
* 10-50% reduction of carbon monoxide
* a reduction of all polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and specifically the reduction of the following carcinogenic PAHs:
* phenanthren by 97%
* benxofloroanthen by 56%
* benz-a-pyrene by 71%
* aldehydes and aromatic compounds by 13%
* 5-10% reduction of nitrous oxide depending on age and tuning of vehicle.

For every one ton of fossil fuel burnt, 3 tons of CO2 is released into the atmosphere, biodiesel only releases the CO2 that it has taken in while the plants it is made from were growing, therefore there is no negative impact on the carbon cycle.

How to build a single tank biodiesel processor

Firstly though, we have to say that our biodiesel expert is not longer involved in SchNEWS so we are not able to offer any advice or further information on the subject further than what's here. There are websites listed at the bottom of the page which contain loads more info. Please don't email us asking questions about biodiesel as we won't be able to help.

Equipment required

* 45 gallon drum.
* 1/2 or 3/4 Hp electric motor.
* Two pulleys which produce 250 rpm and a max of 750 rpm at mixer blade.
* A belt for the above.
* 12 inch rolled steel rod.
* Two steel shelf brackets (for the blade).
* 1 1/2 inch (38mm) brass ball valve.
* A hinge and a spring to act as a belt tensioned.
* 2000-watt electric water heater element.
* A water heater thermostat.
* 1 1/2 diameter piece of steel pipe * 3-5 inches long with male threads on one end.
* Assorted tat: angle iron, wood, screws etc.

Assembly

1. Cut a large opening (about half the top) in the top of the steel drum.
2. Drill 11/2-inch hole in the bottom of the drum.
3. Weld the 1 1/2-diameter pipe in the hole at the bottom of the drum.
4. Attach the 1 1/2-inch brass ball valve to the pipe. This is the drain valve.
5. Drill a hole in the side of the drum at the bottom, same size as the heater element.
6. Fit the heater element making sure it is not touching the side of the drum.
7. Wire up the heater element.

Chemical mixer

1. Attach one pulley to the rolled steel rod.
2. Attach the other pulley to the spindle of the electric motor.
3. Weld the propeller to the other end of the rolled steel rod (shelf brackets).
4. Attach the rod, pulley and propeller assembly to one side of the hinge.
5. Weld a piece of angle iron across the top of the drum.
6. Weld the unattached side of the hinge to the angle iron so the propeller and rod assembly sits in the middle of the drum. The hinge should swing the propeller and rod back and forth.
7. Mount the electric motor on the side of the drum.
8. Fit the belt to the pulleys and tighten by wedging a block of wood into the hinge.

You also need to fashion a simple wooden measuring stick with 10 litre increments.

Other bits and bobs

A hydrometer is a good piece of kit to have to measure the specific gravity of the biodiesel. The specific gravity of biodiesel should be between 0.860 and 0.900, usually 0.880. The specific gravity of vegetable oil is 0.920 therefore the specific gravity of biodiesel should be lower than the vegetable oil used to make the biodiesel.

How to make biodiesel

Every time you make a new batch of biodiesel using old vegetable oil you have to find out the amount of reactants required to get the correct reaction, this process is know as titration. In addition to the above equipment you will also need the following equipment:

Petri dish
20 ml beaker
1500 ml beaker
500 ml beaker
Isopropyl alcohol
A graduated eye dropper
Litmus paper
Blender with a glass bowl.
Methanol
Used cooking oil
Sodium Hydroxide

Titration

Step 1 Titration: to determine the quantity of catalyst required

1. Measure 1 gram of Sodium Hydroxide onto a petri dish
2. Measure 1 Lt. of distilled water into a 1500 ml beaker.
3. Pour the 1 gram of Sodium Hydroxide into the 1 Lt. of distilled water
4. Label ‘do not drink Sodium Hydroxide’
5. Measure 10 ml of isopropyl alcohol into a 20ml beaker
6. Dissolve 1ml of used vegetable oil into the isopropyl alcohol.
7. Label oil/alcohol.
8. Use the graduated eye dropper to drop 1 millilitre of Sodium Hydroxide /water solution into the oil/alcohol solution
9. After 1 millilitre of Sodium Hydroxide /water solution is added check the pH
10. Repeat steps 8&9 until the oil/alcohol reaches a pH of between 8&9. The pH increase will usually occur suddenly. Usually no more than 3 millilitres of Sodium Hydroxide /water solution will need to be added.
11. Use the following equation: · the number of millilitres of the Sodium Hydroxide/water solution dropped into the oil/alcohol mixture = x · (x+3.5)=N

· N= the number of grams of Sodium Hydroxide required to neutralise and react 1 Litre of used vegetable oil.

· N will be between 4.5-6.5, but it can be higher if the oil has been used for a long time.

Step 2. Measure the reactants

Measure the reactants in separate containers

1 Litre of filtered used oil into a 1500ml beaker

200 ml of methanol into a 500 ml beaker

N grams of Sodium Hydroxide onto a petri dish

Step 3. Dissolve the Sodium Hydroxide into the Methanol

The third step is to combine the methanol with the Sodium Hydroxide to create sodium methoxide, an extremely strong base. Once the Sodium Hydroxide has been dissolved in the methanol, the sodium methoxide must be mixed with the vegetable oil straight away.

· Carefully pour the methanol into the blender, any spills must be cleaned immediately with a water and vinegar solution.

· Carefully pour the Sodium Hydroxide into the blender

· Replace the lid of the blender and blend on the lowest setting for 30 seconds, until the Sodium Hydroxide has dissolved. Sodium methoxide has been produced and caution must be exercised

Step 4. Mix the reactants

· Remove the lid of the blender keeping your face well away from the top of the blender

· carefully pour the vegetable oil into the blender

· Place the lid on the blender and blend on a medium/high setting for 15 minutes. If the bowl or the blender motor get over hot switch off the blender and leave until cooled down sufficiently to continue again.

Step 5. Allow the glycerine to settle

Settling takes about 8 hours but since 75% of the separation occurs within the first hour after the reaction immediate separation will be visible. Within 8 hours the glycerine will have fallen to the bottom leaving a layer on top, this is methyl esters, or more commonly referred to as biodiesel

Step 6. Separation

After blending the contents can either be transferred into a 1500ml container with a stopcock or left in the blender for at least 8 hours.

Step 7. Clean up

Store the leftover used vegetable oil in a dry cool place

Clean all the equipment so it is ready to use again

Expose the glycerine to air and sunlight for 1 week and then use as soap.

Pour the biodiesel into your fuel tank and laugh like fuck!

So there you have it, fuel from vegetable oil. Of course this is only one method of making biodiesel, there are many recipes for making biodiesel just take a look through the web sites at the end of this article. Don’t be fooled into thinking that biodiesel is anything but a serious contender in the alternative fuels market, throughout the world there are commercial processors being built to supply a rapidly emerging market. The UK government however, has chosen to ignore biodiesel, this is their mistake and something we can capitalise on. Let’s start making biodiesel and get production down to the local small scale level with co-operatives and individuals supplying all our needs while taking power away from the mega-corporations.

For more information on biodiesel check out www.planetfuels.co.uk rather than emailing us (please, you wouldn't believe how many people do email us) - we're no experts, unfortunately. Alternatively the first book on the following website (LILI: how to make biodiesel by Dan Carter & Jon Halle) has been recommended to us: www.lowimpact.org/acatalog/books_biodiesel.html The Low Impact Living Initiative website also has other information and equipment for biodiesel and other related topics.

Other Useful web sites:

www.biodieselcommunity.org
www.biodieselfuelonline.com
www.lazymansguideto.com/Making-Biodiesel.html
www.veggievan.org
www.dancingrabbit.org/biodiesel

Philippine biodiesel meets international standards

2008-01-03T11:48:00.000-08:00

By Abigail L. Ho, Philippine Daily Inquirer

MANILA, Philippines -- Initial tests on locally produced biodiesel have yielded positive results, indicating that the Philippines can produce jatropha-based biodiesel that meets international standards.

PNOC Alternative Fuels Corp.’s jatropha-based biodiesel, tested in collaboration with the Technological University of the Philippines and Chemrez Technologies Inc., met both European and American Biodiesel Standards, according to data from PNOC-AFC.

The tests included jatropha oil and methyl ester production and characterization, development of high-value products, and actual performance testing of jatropha methyl ester.

“And the variety we used for that test wasn’t even the best variety we have found so far,” PNOC-AFC president and chief executive Peter Anthony Abaya said.

In preparation for commercial production, he said PNOC-AFC and the Department of Science and Technology were still conducting tests on which variety of jatropha would be best for propagation.

The pool has so far been narrowed to six local varieties.

Based on initial trends, on the fourth year or by 2011, PNOC-AFC could have an annual average yield of 7.5-15 tons of jatropha per hectare and that 1,000-1,400 seeds will be needed to produce a kilo of jatropha.

The oil extraction rate ranged from 30-40 percent on varieties taken from the southern city of General Santos and the provinces of Saranggani, Davao, Palawan, Batangas, Laguna, Nueva Ecija, Tarlac, Camarines Sur and Sorsogon.

Before establishing commercial plantations, PNOC-AFC aims to put in place a 1,500-hectare nursery from which the seedlings for the plantations will come.

It then hopes to develop, together with private sector partners, 700,000 hectares of jatropha plantations -- 140,000 hectares this year, another 250,000 hectares next year and another 310,000 hectares in 2010.

In terms of actual jatropha-based biodiesel, PNOC-AFC envisions production of 100,000 metric tons next year, 400,000 in 2010 and 500,000 in 2011.

CJP Found New Couple Oil Crop Cultivation Technology For Biodiesel Production

2007-12-30T18:39:00.000-08:00

(PRWEB) December 30, 2007 ---The years of continuous research, experiments and trials have given Centre for Jatropha Promotion & Biodiesel (CJP) a big break through in the search for a viable alternative feedstock for biodiesel in combination with Jatropha. CJP is the Global authority for scientific commercialization of Jatropha fuel crop.

The Director Plant Science CJP Mr. R.R. Sharma has stated that Jatropha plantation occupy about 50% of the planted land and to utilized the rest of land in sustainable manner we have been experimenting different intercropping options, patterns and agro- technologies. We have been in search of such an inter-crop for Jatropha which should be oil bearing like Jatropha itself without competing with it for food and water and should be capable of fulfilling Jatropha fertilizer requirement and still maintaining soil fertility.

"Finally we got it," said Mr. Sharma. Emergence of the combination crop system may change the entire scenario of the biodiesel industry and shall provide much relief to the industry which desperately in a need of a viable sustainable non-food feed stocks.

Mr. Sharma further added that, "Now we can ensure an oil yield of > 6 tons per ha i.e. same acreage of land may provide double output. The technology termed as COC by CJP shall be released commercially soon."

Chicken Fat Converted Into Biodiesel

2007-12-22T15:37:00.000-08:00

Chemical engineering researchers at the University of Arkansas have investigated supercritical methanol as a method of converting chicken fat into biodiesel fuel. The new study also successfully converted tall oil fatty acid, a major by-product of the wood-pulping process, into biodiesel at a yield of greater than 90 percent, significantly advancing efforts to develop commercially viable fuel out of plentiful, accessible and low-cost feedstocks and other agricultural by-products.

“Major oil companies are already examining biodiesel as an alternative to petroleum,” said R.E. “Buddy” Babcock, professor of chemical engineering. “With the current price of petroleum diesel and the results of this project and others, I think energy producers will think even more seriously about combining petroleum-based diesel with a biodiesel product made out of crude and inexpensive feedstocks.”

Under Babcock’s guidance, Brent Schulte, a chemical-engineering graduate student in the university’s College of Engineering, subjected low-grade chicken fat, donated by Tyson Foods, and tall oil fatty acids, provided by Georgia Pacific, to a chemical process known as supercritical methanol treatment. Supercritical methanol treatment dissolves and causes a reaction between components of a product – in this case, chicken fat and tall oil – by subjecting the product to high temperature and pressure.

Substances become “supercritical” when they are heated and pressurized to a critical point, the highest temperature and pressure at which the substance can exist in equilibrium as a vapor and liquid. The simple, one-step process does not require a catalyst.

Schulte treated chicken fat and tall oil with supercritical methanol and produced biodiesel yields in excess of 89 and 94 percent, respectively. With chicken fat, Schulte reached maximum yield at 325 degrees Celsius and a 40-to-1 molar ratio, which refers to the amount of methanol applied. The process also produced a respectable yield of 80 percent at 300 degrees Celsius and the same amount of methanol. At 275 degrees Celsius and the same amount of methanol, the process was ineffective. Ideal results using tall oil fatty acid were achieved at 325 degrees Celsius and a 10-to-1 molar ratio. At 300 degrees Celsius and the same amount of methanol, the conversion produced a yield of almost 80 percent. Again, at 275 degrees Celsius, the process was ineffective.

Previous efforts, including a study two years ago by another one of Babcock’s graduate students, to make biodiesel out of low-cost feedstocks – as opposed to refined oils – have used one of two conventional methods, base-catalyzed or acid-catalyzed esterification. Although successful at producing biodiesel, these conventional methods struggle to be economically feasible due to long reaction times, excessive amounts of methanol required and/or undesired production of soaps during processing.

“The supercritical method hit the free fatty-acid problem head on,” Babcock said. “Because it dissolves the feed material and eliminates the need for the base catalyst, we now do not have the problems with soap formation and loss of yield. The supercritical method actually prefers free fatty acid feedstocks.”

Biodiesel is a nonpetroleum-based alternative diesel fuel that consists of alkyl esters derived from renewable feedstocks such as plant oils or animal fats. The fuel is made by converting these oils and fats into what are known as fatty acid alkyl esters. The conventional processes require the oils or fats be heated and mixed with a combination of methanol and sodium hydroxide as a catalyst. The conversion process is called transesterification.

Most biodiesel is produced from refined vegetable oils, such as soybean and rapeseed oil, which are expensive; they generally account for 60 to 80 percent of the total cost of biodiesel. Due to these high feedstock prices, biodiesel production struggles to be economically feasible. Currently, as Babcock alluded, biodiesel cannot compete with petroleum diesel unless the per-gallon price of diesel remains higher than $3. For these reasons, researchers recently have focused efforts on less refined and less-expensive feedstocks as a more viable competitor to conventional diesel.

Biodiesel has many benefits. In addition to reducing U.S. dependence on foreign oil, it is better for the environment than purely petroleum-based products. As a renewable, biodegradable and thus carbon-neutral material, biodiesel does not contribute to greenhouse gases. In fact, it decreases sulfur and particulate-matter emissions. It also provides lubrication for better-functioning mechanical parts and has excellent detergent properties.

“Biodiesel provides an effective, sustainable-use fuel with many desirable properties,” Schulte said. “In addition to being a renewable, biodegradable and carbon-neutral fuel source, it can be formed in a matter of months from feedstocks produced locally, which promotes a more sustainable energy infrastructure. It also decreases dependence on foreign oil and creates new labor and market opportunities for domestic crops.”

Adapted from materials provided by University of Arkansas, Fayetteville. Source: sciencedaily.com

How to make biodiesel

2007-12-18T15:33:00.001-08:00

The video shows the whole chain from seed to diesel. Enjoy.

Spanish energy firm to invest $250M in biofuel in the Philippines

2007-12-10T16:01:00.000-08:00

50,000 hectares to be planted with cassava

By Amy R. Remo
Inquirer
12/11/2007

An energy company based in Spain plans to invest as much as $250 million to develop 50,000 hectares of land into cassava plantations whose output will be used as feedstock for biofuel facilities in the Philippines, Agriculture Secretary Arthur Yap said.

Abengoa Bioenergy signed a memorandum of understanding with Philippine Agricultural Development and Commercial Corp. during President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo’s two-day state visit to Spain last week, Yap said.

Abengoa is the largest ethanol producer in Europe, where it operates several bioethanol facilities. It also has plants in Brazil and the United States, where it ranks fifth in the industry.

The memorandum of understanding, which is valid for a year, was signed by Agriculture Undersecretary Bernadette Romulo-Puyat and Abengoa chairman Javier Salgado Leirado last week.

Under its provisions, Abengoa will help the Department of Agriculture identify varieties of cassava for cultivation trials.

Puyat said that Abengoa would provide design engineering and supply the machinery required to develop cassava plantations, as well as study the possibility of setting up bioethanol factories in the Philippines.

Feedstock production from the distillery is projected at 1.0-1.2 million tons to generate about 150 to 200 million liters of bioethanol a year, he said.

Through a Abengoa-PADCC working committee, the PADCC will help Abengoa in conducting capability-enhancement training for farmers, Puyat added.

He said Abengoa would lend its technical expertise in the agricultural production side to develop high yielding varieties and increase feedstock productivity.

Yap said Abengoa and PADCC could enter into partnerships focusing on energy crops development and cost-competitive biomass technology.

Earlier, a Bilbao-based biodiesel leader in Europe -- Bionor Transformacion S.A. -- revealed plans to invest $200 million in the Philippines to develop at least 100,000 hectares of land into jatropha plantations to be used as feedstock for biofuel plants.

Evolution Biodiesel Kits

2007-12-07T15:45:00.001-08:00

This is an overview of a small scale biodiesel processors made in the USA. For those interested in making quality biodiesel in your shop, farm or home, then this video is for you. This shows that Biodiesel is easy to make...regardless of price making your own is cheap; best of all it creates the least damage to the environment. Watch and enjoy.

PNOC to propagate jatropha for biodiesel in Mindanao.

2007-12-03T06:25:00.001-08:00

On the news today from the PDI (Philippines Daily Inquirer):

By Abigail L. Ho

PNOC Alternative Fuels Corp. is set to propagate jatropha, for use as biodiesel feedstock, in Mindanao.

According to an official of PNOC-AFC, a subsidiary of the Philippine National Oil Co., Mindanao appears to be the best and most suitable place for growing jatropha, mostly because of the climate and the large tracts of idle land available for use as plantations.

"The Food and Agricultural Organization, in its recent study, assessed the potential of jatropha production as a biodiesel feedstock," PNOC-AFC chair Renato Velasco said in a statement. "The results showed that we have sufficient arable lands and favorable climatic conditions to ensure the large feedstock production every year, and Mindanao is found to be the most suitable area.

"We have already started planting jatropha in Cagayan de Oro and we aim to establish an aggregate amount of at least 700,000 hectares of jatropha plantations all over the country, bulk of which will be in Mindanao."

While encouraging Mindanao farmers to go into jatropha production, he said the aim of PNOC-AFC's jatropha propagation program was not to make farmers shift from producing food crops to planting jatropha.

"We want the farmers to continue growing rice, sugar and others," Velasco explained. "What we intend to do is give farmers additional income by planting jatropha (on idle lands)."

He said jatropha production was a viable livelihood option for farmers as this required minimal supervision and would not compete with food crops for land.

Idle tracts of land--ones that would not be suitable for food crops--could be used in jatropha cultivation.

As for concerns on the use of jatropha as biodiesel feedstock, PNOC-AFC, together with relevant government agencies and the academe, are conducting wide-scale scientific work to discover which variety of jatropha would be best for widespread propagation, Velasco said.

"The Philippines is capable of producing jatropha biodiesel that can pass international standards," Velasco said. "What is more important to note is that we used seeds from the local jatropha variety."

Case IH Expands B100 Biodiesel Use in Farm Equipment

2007-12-03T06:21:00.001-08:00

Case IH has extended its recommendations on use of biofuels to include B100 - or pure biodiesel - on even more of its farm equipment models.

Farmers now can use B100 on nearly all Case IH medium- to high-horsepower tractors, combines, windrowers, and most self-propelled sprayers and cotton pickers -- so long as proper protocols are followed for engine operation and maintenance.

"With record prices for crude oil, Case IH committed to exploring better ways to use environmentally-friendly biofuels made from renewable raw materials. We have conducted rigorous laboratory and in-field tests to evaluate how our engines perform with various biodiesel blends," says Don Rieser, Case IH director of tractor product management. "As always, our ultimate goal is greater productivity for our customers. That's why we also are committed to educating our dealers and customers on how to get best results with biodiesel fuels - especially when using higher-level blends."

Rieser says that Case IH dealers are knowlegeable about guidelines for using biodiesel fuels in Case IH equipment and can advise farmers on biodiesel approvals and technical requirements. Recommended practices include sourcing pre-blended biodiesel from reliable suppliers, following proper filter and oil change intervals and - in some cases - having dealers install special parts to help the vehicle perform as expected with a higher percentage of biodiesel.

Equipment approved for B100

New approvals for use of B100 apply to Case IH JX Series, JXC Series, JXN Series and JXU Series tractors, as well as the full-line up of Maxxum, Puma and Magnum tractors - including the new Magnum 335. All new Steiger tractors also are approved for B100, except the highest horsepower model, the Steiger 535.

Other Case IH models okayed for B100 are the new Module Express 625 module-building cotton picker and SPX 3320 and SPX 4420 self-propelled sprayers.

All Case IH machines leave the factory with a full tank of B5 biodiesel - a blend of 5% biodiesel and 95% traditional fuels. Customers can use B5 in all Case IH engines without restrictions or special engine maintenance. Case IH also supports B20 use in more than 90 percent of the models it sells in North America and Europe - again with certain requirements for operation and maintenance.
Customers can check biodiesel approvals and requirements by visiting the Case IH Web site at www.caseih.com and looking for the special "Biodiesel Ready" logo on individual product pages.

Case IH is a global leader in agricultural equipment, committed to collaborating with its customers to develop the most powerful, productive, reliable equipment - for those who demand more. With headquarters in the United States, Case IH has a network of dealers and distributors that operates in over 160 countries. Case IH provides agricultural equipment systems, flexible financial service offerings and parts and service support for professional farmers and commercial operators through a dedicated network of professional dealers and distributors. Productivity enhancing products include tractors; combines and harvesters; hay and forage equipment; tillage tools; planting and seeding systems; sprayers and applicators; and site-specific farming tools.

For more information, visit us on the World Wide Web at http://www.caseih.com

Video demonstration of BioDiesel in Stove

2007-12-01T13:54:00.001-08:00

This is a demonstration video how to use biodiesel in a stove. In the Philippines, we still have lots of people using kerosene stove in cooking, maybe biodiesel can be an alternative.

After the stove had been made running, this video shows it runs almost without smoke and no smell.

Watch it and enjoy.

Biodiesel heater

2007-12-01T13:28:00.001-08:00

This is a good video demonstrating how we can keep warm this coming winter using biodiesel.

Generating Hydrogen From Biodiesel Waste

2007-11-30T16:06:00.000-08:00

Scientists at the University of Leeds are turning low-grade sludge into high-value gas in a process which could make eco-friendly biodiesel even greener and more economical to produce.

Biodiesel – motor fuel derived from vegetable oil - is a renewable alternative to rapidly depleting fossil fuels. It is biodegradable and non-toxic, and production is on the up. But for each molecule of biodiesel produced, another of low-value crude glycerol is generated, and its disposal presents a growing economic and environmental problem.

Now researchers Leeds have shown how glycerol can be converted to produce a hydrogen rich gas. Hydrogen is in great demand for use in fertilisers, chemical plants and food production.

Moreover, hydrogen is itself viewed as a future ‘clean’ replacement for hydrocarbon-based transport fuels, and most countries currently reliant on these fuels are investing heavily in hydrogen development programmes.

The novel process developed by Dr Valerie Dupont and her co-investigators in the University's Faculty of Engineering mixes glycerol with steam at a controlled temperature and pressure, separating the waste product into hydrogen, water and carbon dioxide, with no residues. A special absorbent material filters out the carbon dioxide, which leaves a much purer product.

“Hydrogen has been identified as a key future fuel for low carbon energy systems such as power generation in fuel cells and as a transport fuel. Current production methods are expensive and unsustainable, using either increasingly scarce fossil fuel sources such as natural gas, or other less efficient methods such as water electrolysis.”

“Our process is a clean, renewable alternative to conventional methods. It produces something with high value from a low grade by-product for which there are few economical upgrading mechanisms” says Dr Dupont. “In addition, it’s a near ‘carbon-neutral’ process, since the CO2 generated is not derived from the use of fossil fuels.”

Dr Dupont believes the process is easily scalable to industrial production, and, as the race towards the ‘hydrogen economy’ accelerates, could potentially be an economically important, sustainable – and environmentally friendly – way of meeting the growing demand for hydrogen.

Dr Dupont’s research has been funded with a £270k grant from the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) under the Energy programme, and is in collaboration with Professors Yulong Ding and Mojtaba Ghadiri from the Institute of Particle Science and Engineering, and Professor Paul Williams from the Energy and Resources Research Institute at the University. Industrial collaborators are Johnson Matthey and D1-Oils.

Hydrogen economy

A ‘hydrogen economy’, reliant on hydrogen fuelling fuel cells and producing electrical power, instead of the low energy efficient internal combustion engines,is proposed to solve the ill effects of using hydrocarbon fuels in transportation, and other end-use applications, which causes the emission of greenhouse gases and other pollutants into the atmosphere. Whilst it’s likely to be many years before a full hydrogen economy can be achieved due to infrastructure and storage issues, biodiesel is a forerunner to this as a sustainable, more environmentally friendly fuel, to be used in combustion engines.

Hydrogen production

Hydrogen production is a large and growing industry. Globally, some 50 million metric tons of hydrogen, equal to about 170 million tons of oil equivalent, were produced in 2004. The growth rate is around 10 per cent per year. In the United States, 2004 production was about 11 million metric tons (MMT), an average power flow of 48 gigawatts. For comparison, the average electric production in 2003 was some 442 gigawatts. As of 2005, the economic value of all hydrogen produced worldwide is about $135 billion per year.

Source: University of Leeds.

How to Make MILLION$ in Biodiesel! Turnkey Business Revealed

2007-11-30T15:45:00.003-08:00

Money in Biodiesel.

Do you want to help the environment, and at the same time, do you want to make yourself wealthy?

Watch this video, help save the environment and make money.

SDSU Biodiesel Preocessor

2007-11-30T15:45:00.001-08:00

This is part of a series of videos I gathered from the internet. This one is an illustration of a biodiesel processor.

Coco-Biodiesel FAQs in the Philippines

2007-11-28T14:38:00.000-08:00

What is CME?
CME is the acronym for Coconut Methyl Ester or Coco-Biodiesel. Biodiesel, on the other hand, is the international name for methyl ester when used as diesel fuel enhancer. (CME is not the same as the coco-diesel used in the 70’s. Coco-diesel pertains to the use of crude coconut oil did not undergo esterification.)

Is Coco-Biodiesel safe to use on my engine?
YES! Coco-Biodiesel can be used in any diesel engine with little or no modification to the engine or fuel system. Also, blending Coco-Biodiesel actually improves the Quality of the diesel fuel because of its properties, like:

* high lubricity, which protects your engine from wear.
* Detergency, which cleans your engine fuel system.
* solvency, which dissolves and clean your air combustions from carbon deposits.

How do I mix Coco-Biodiesel?
Simply add a 1% equivalent of Coco-Biodiesel to the fuel you are loading into your tank. For example, if you are loading 50 liters of diesel fuel, add 500ml of Coco-Biodiesel. If you are refilling only 10 liters, add only 100ml of Coco-Biodiesel.

Why only 1%?
While the World Fuel Charter published by all automotive manufacturers worldwide allows blends of up to 5%, studies show that a 1% mix of Coco-Biodiesel is enough to significantly reduce emissions.

Won’t the use of Coco-Biodiesel increase my spending on fuel?
Initially, it would appear that way. But think about this. Since you will gain more mileage per liter with the use of Coco-Biodiesel doubles the value of your fuel investment.

Where Can I Buy Coco-Biodesel?
You can buy Coco-Biodiesel from distribution outlets and manufacturers/suppliers accredited by the Department of Energy (DOE). These DOE-accredited outlets and suppliers sell Coco-Biodiesel that complies with Philippine national Standards (PNS 2020:2003). Additionally, these manufacturers and suppliers have assured DOE of Coco-Biodiesel’s continous supply.

Is Coco-Biodiesel the solution to all fuel-related engine and emission problems of my vehicle?
Coco-Biodiesel is just one of the solutions to pollution and emission problems. To ensure optimum engine performance, a vehicle owner or diver should still carry out regular maintenance and practice good driving habits.

Is Coco-Biodiesel here to stay?
Coco-Biodiesel is a priority project of the Arroyo Administration. It is being implemented by DOE in collaboration with several government agencies: the Department of Environment & Natural resources (DENR), Department of Science and Technology (DOST), Department of Transportation and Communication (DOTC), Philippine Coconut Authority (PCA), Department of Trade and Industry (DTI), and Department of Finance (DOF). It is likewise supported by the Technological University of the Philippines (TUP), Asian Institute of Petroleum Studies Inc. (AIPIS), and other academic and research institutions; transport groups, NGOs and donor communities.

In addition, the critical step of instituting Coco-Biodiesel was taken by the President of the Republic of the Philippines by issuing memorandum Circular No. 55 on February 9, 2004 “directing all departments, bureaus, offices, agencies and instrumentalities of the government, including government-owned and controlled corporations to incorporate the use of one percent (1%) by volume Coconut Methyl Ester in their diesel requirements.”

With all the benefit of Coco-Biodiesel and with all the support that it is getting, we can be assured that it will be a sustainable and strategic approach in cleaning the air and energizing the economy.

Source: pcaagribiz.da.gov.ph

Biodiesel could reduce greenhouse gas emissions

2007-11-27T23:20:00.000-08:00

A CSIRO report released today (27 November 2007) confirms that using pure biodiesel or blending biodiesel with standard fuel could reduce greenhouse gas emissions from the transport sector.

27 November 2007

Biodiesel can be manufactured from any product containing fatty acids, such as vegetable oil or animal fats.

The report, The greenhouse and air quality emissions of biodiesel blends in Australia assesses the emission levels and environmental impacts of biodiesel produced from sources including used cooking oil, tallow (rendered animal fat), imported palm oil and canola.

CSIRO Energy Transformed National Research Flagship researcher and report author Dr Tom Beer believes the wider introduction of biodiesel in Australia could help address the high greenhouse gas intensity of our nation’s transport sector.

“The results of this study show biodiesel has the potential to reduce emissions from the transport industry, which is the third largest producer of greenhouse gases in Australia, behind stationary energy generation and agriculture,” Dr Beer said.

“The greenhouse gas savings do however depend on the feedstock used to produce the biodiesel. The highest savings are obtained by replacing base diesel with biodiesel from used cooking oil, resulting in an 87 per cent emission reduction.”

“The results of this study show biodiesel has the potential to reduce emissions from the transport industry, which is the third largest producer of greenhouse gases in Australia, behind stationary energy generation and agriculture,”
Dr Beer said.

“Palm oil can produce up to an 80 per cent saving in emissions provided it is sourced from pre-1990 plantations. The palm oil source is critical as product from plantations established on recently dried peat swamps or cleared tropical forest will in fact have higher greenhouse gas emissions than regular diesel due to factors such as land clearing.”

The use of biodiesel also reduces the particulate matter released into the atmosphere as a result of burning fuels, providing potential benefits to human health.

While the results are encouraging, further research is required to establish the viability of the biofuels industry in Australia and address some of the associated issues such as sustainability, technological improvements and economic feasibility.

CSIRO, as part of the Energy Transformed National Research Flagship, is undertaking an extensive research program into alternative fuels such as biodiesel to assess possible biophysical, social and economic impacts of their production and adoption.

National Research Flagships

CSIRO initiated the National Research Flagships to provide science-based solutions in response to Australia’s major research challenges and opportunities. The nine Flagships form multidisciplinary teams with industry and the research community to deliver impact and benefits for Australia.

The greenhouse and air quality emissions of biodiesel blends in Australia report can be downloaded at The greenhouse and air quality emissions of biodiesel blends in Australia.

Download images at: Biodiesel could reduce greenhouse gas emissions.

ReferencesBeer T, Grant T, Campbell PK. 2007. The greenhouse and air quality emissions of biodiesel blends in Australia. Report Number KS54C/1/F2.27. August 2000. Report for Caltex Pty Ltd. Prepared with financial assistance from the Department of the Environment and Water Resources.

Making Biodiesel at Home

2007-11-27T16:11:00.001-08:00

A Quick Lesson In Making Biodiesel

2007-11-27T16:09:00.001-08:00

How to make biodiesel

2007-11-27T16:01:00.000-08:00

A few facts on biodiesel

Biodiesel is biodegradable and non-toxic. 100% biodiesel is as biodegradable as sugar and less toxic than table salt. It biodegrades up-to four times faster than petroleum diesel fuel with up-to 98% biodegradation in three weeks. However, contrary to a popular misconception, it stores indefinitely in completely full, cool, dark containers. Compared to crappy fossil fuel diesel, biodiesel has the following emissions characteristics:

100% reduction of net carbon dioxide
100% reduction of sulphur dioxide
40-60% reduction of soot emissions
10-50% reduction of carbon monoxide

a reduction of all polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and specifically the reduction of the following carcinogenic PAHs:
phenanthren by 97%
benxofloroanthen by 56%
benz-a-pyrene by 71%
aldehydes and aromatic compounds by 13%
5-10% reduction of nitrous oxide depending on age and tuning of vehicle.

For every one ton of fossil fuel burnt, 3 tons of CO2 is released into the atmosphere, biodiesel only releases the CO2 that it has taken in while the plants it is made from were growing, therefore there is no negative impact on the carbon cycle.

How to build a single tank biodiesel processor

Firstly though, we have to say that our biodiesel expert is not longer involved in SchNEWS so we are not able to offer any advice or further information on the subject further than what's here. There are websites listed at the bottom of the page which contain loads more info. Please don't email us asking questions about biodiesel as we won't be able to help.

Equipment required

45 gallon drum.
1/2 or 3/4 Hp electric motor.
Two pulleys which produce 250 rpm and a max of 750 rpm at mixer blade.
A belt for the above.
12 inch rolled steel rod.
Two steel shelf brackets (for the blade).
1 1/2 inch (38mm) brass ball valve.
A hinge and a spring to act as a belt tensioned.
2000-watt electric water heater element.
A water heater thermostat.
1 1/2 diameter piece of steel pipe * 3-5 inches long with male threads on one end.
Assorted tat: angle iron, wood, screws etc.

Assembly

Cut a large opening (about half the top) in the top of the steel drum.
Drill 11/2-inch hole in the bottom of the drum.
Weld the 1 1/2-diameter pipe in the hole at the bottom of the drum.
Attach the 1 1/2-inch brass ball valve to the pipe. This is the drain valve.
Drill a hole in the side of the drum at the bottom, same size as the heater element.
Fit the heater element making sure it is not touching the side of the drum.
Wire up the heater element.

Chemical mixer

Attach one pulley to the rolled steel rod.
Attach the other pulley to the spindle of the electric motor.
Weld the propeller to the other end of the rolled steel rod (shelf brackets).
Attach the rod, pulley and propeller assembly to one side of the hinge.
Weld a piece of angle iron across the top of the drum.
Weld the unattached side of the hinge to the angle iron so the propeller and rod assembly sits in the middle of the drum. The hinge should swing the propeller and rod back and forth.
Mount the electric motor on the side of the drum.
Fit the belt to the pulleys and tighten by wedging a block of wood into the hinge.
You also need to fashion a simple wooden measuring stick with 10 litre increments.

Other bits and bobs

A hydrometer is a good piece of kit to have to measure the specific gravity of the biodiesel. The specific gravity of biodiesel should be between 0.860 and 0.900, usually 0.880. The specific gravity of vegetable oil is 0.920 therefore the specific gravity of biodiesel should be lower than the vegetable oil used to make the biodiesel.

How to make biodiesel
Every time you make a new batch of biodiesel using old vegetable oil you have to find out the amount of reactants required to get the correct reaction, this process is know as titration. In addition to the above equipment you will also need the following equipment:

Petri dish
20 ml beaker
1500 ml beaker
500 ml beaker
Isopropyl alcohol
A graduated eye dropper
Litmus paper
Blender with a glass bowl.
Methanol
Used cooking oil
Sodium Hydroxide

Titration

Step 1 Titration: to determine the quantity of catalyst required

Measure 1 gram of Sodium Hydroxide onto a petri dish
Measure 1 Lt. of distilled water into a 1500 ml beaker.
Pour the 1 gram of Sodium Hydroxide into the 1 Lt. of distilled water
Label ‘do not drink Sodium Hydroxide’
Measure 10 ml of isopropyl alcohol into a 20ml beaker
Dissolve 1ml of used vegetable oil into the isopropyl alcohol.
Label oil/alcohol.
Use the graduated eye dropper to drop 1 millilitre of Sodium Hydroxide /water solution into the oil/alcohol solution
After 1 millilitre of Sodium Hydroxide /water solution is added check the pH
Repeat steps 8&9 until the oil/alcohol reaches a pH of between 8&9. The pH increase will usually occur suddenly. Usually no more than 3 millilitres of Sodium Hydroxide /water solution will need to be added.
Use the following equation: · the number of millilitres of the Sodium Hydroxide/water solution dropped into the oil/alcohol mixture = x · (x+3.5)=N
· N= the number of grams of Sodium Hydroxide required to neutralise and react 1 Litre of used vegetable oil.

· N will be between 4.5-6.5, but it can be higher if the oil has been used for a long time.

Step 2. Measure the reactants

Measure the reactants in separate containers

1 Litre of filtered used oil into a 1500ml beaker

200 ml of methanol into a 500 ml beaker

N grams of Sodium Hydroxide onto a petri dish

Step 3. Dissolve the Sodium Hydroxide into the Methanol

The third step is to combine the methanol with the Sodium Hydroxide to create sodium methoxide, an extremely strong base. Once the Sodium Hydroxide has been dissolved in the methanol, the sodium methoxide must be mixed with the vegetable oil straight away.

· Carefully pour the methanol into the blender, any spills must be cleaned immediately with a water and vinegar solution.

· Carefully pour the Sodium Hydroxide into the blender

· Replace the lid of the blender and blend on the lowest setting for 30 seconds, until the Sodium Hydroxide has dissolved. Sodium methoxide has been produced and caution must be exercised

Step 4. Mix the reactants

· Remove the lid of the blender keeping your face well away from the top of the blender

· carefully pour the vegetable oil into the blender

· Place the lid on the blender and blend on a medium/high setting for 15 minutes. If the bowl or the blender motor get over hot switch off the blender and leave until cooled down sufficiently to continue again.

Step 5. Allow the glycerine to settle

Settling takes about 8 hours but since 75% of the separation occurs within the first hour after the reaction immediate separation will be visible. Within 8 hours the glycerine will have fallen to the bottom leaving a layer on top, this is methyl esters, or more commonly referred to as biodiesel

Step 6. Separation

After blending the contents can either be transferred into a 1500ml container with a stopcock or left in the blender for at least 8 hours.

Step 7. Clean up

Store the leftover used vegetable oil in a dry cool place

Clean all the equipment so it is ready to use again

Expose the glycerine to air and sunlight for 1 week and then use as soap.

Pour the biodiesel into your fuel tank and laugh like fuck!

So there you have it, fuel from vegetable oil. Of course this is only one method of making biodiesel, there are many recipes for making biodiesel just take a look through the web sites at the end of this article. Don’t be fooled into thinking that biodiesel is anything but a serious contender in the alternative fuels market, throughout the world there are commercial processors being built to supply a rapidly emerging market. The UK government however, has chosen to ignore biodiesel, this is their mistake and something we can capitalise on. Let’s start making biodiesel and get production down to the local small scale level with co-operatives and individuals supplying all our needs while taking power away from the mega-corporations.

For more information on biodiesel check out www.planetfuels.co.uk rather than emailing us, we're no experts, unfortunately. Alternatively the first book on the following website (LILI: how to make biodiesel by Dan Carter & Jon Halle) has been recommended to us: www.lowimpact.org/acatalog/books_biodiesel.html The Low Impact Living Initiative website also has other information and equipment for biodiesel and other related topics.

Other Useful web sites:

www.biodieselcommunity.org
www.veggievan.org
www.dancingrabbit.org/biodiesel

Source of this post: http://www.schnews.org.uk/diyguide/howtomakebiodiesel.htm , photo courtesy of www.biodiesel.pl, www.journeytoforever.org, www.biodieselcommunity.org

biodiesel man part 2of 2

2007-11-27T15:58:00.003-08:00

biodiesel man part 1of 2

2007-11-27T15:58:00.001-08:00

Biodiesel for beginners / Biodiesel 101

2007-11-27T15:55:00.001-08:00

This is part of a series of videos I gathered from the internet. All these videos are all about "how to make biodiesel".

How to make Biofuel, Biodiesel, Biofuel Products

2007-11-27T15:52:00.001-08:00

This is part of a series of videos I gathered from the internet. All these videos are all about "how to make biodiesel".

Biodiesel is biodegradable and non-toxic. 100% biodiesel is as biodegradable as sugar and less toxic than table salt. It biodegrades up-to four times faster than petroleum diesel fuel with up-to 98% biodegradation in three weeks. However, contrary to a popular misconception, it stores indefinitely in completely full, cool, dark containers.

JATROPA (Tuba-Tuba) Farming for Biodiesel Production

2007-11-27T15:11:00.000-08:00

JATROPA (Jatropha curcas L.) Locally known as tuba-tuba is one of the most promising sources of bio-fuel today. About 30 percent of the tuba-tuba nut is composed of oil. This oil can be easily processed into fuel that can replace or mixed with petroleum based diesel to save on imported oil and most importantly increase local employment and help the economy to grow. The tuba-tuba has been planted for quite sometime but it was mainly as fencing. It is also known in the Tagalog region as “tubing bakod” and”sambo” while the Ilocanos call it “tawa-tawa” while it is called “tagumbao” in Nueva Ecija and Pangasinan. In the Cagayan Valley, it is known as “kalunay” and “kasla” among the Ilonggos. In the Lanao region, it is known as “tangantangan”.

Jatropha is a drought-resistant perennial shrub with an economic life of up to 35 years and can even extend up to 50 years. The shrub has a smooth, gray bark which exudes a whitish color, watery latex when cut. The size of the leaves ranges from 6-15 cm in length and width. It sheds leaves in the dry season and rejuvenates during the rainy season.

The flowers of jatropha are formed terminally with the female flowers usually slightly larger. It has two flowering peaks which occur during the wet season. It is pollinated by insects and each inflorescence yields fruits. Jatropha starts producing seeds within 14 months from planting but reaches its maximum productivity level after 4 to 5 years.

The seed matures when the capsules changes from green to yellow about 2-3 months after flowering.

Propagation

Seeds

Jatropha grows fast with little or no maintenance and can reach a height of 3 to 8 meters. It can be planted or propagated through seed or cuttings. Seeds intended for seeding production must be soaked in water for eight hours before sowing. This should be done to soften the seed coat to facilitate faster germination. Slow seeds in soil mixed with sand. The first shoot is expected after six days. Water the plants everyday. Seedlings are ready for transplanting in the field after two months. Planting distance can be 3m x 2m depending on the soil fertility.

Stem cutting

Another method of propagating jatropha is through stem cutting. It is important to obtain cuttings from eight month-old mature plant. Use a sharp bolo to cut the stem about 30 cm long from the base of the stem. Matured cuttings was found to be the best source of planting materials that can easily produce seeds at least 6 months earlier than from seeds.

Tissue culture

Jatropha can also be propagated through tissue culture. This method is a laboratory –based which uses artifificial and sterilized propagation media. Tissues from various plants can be used in this procedure which allows asexual propagation of plants with desired characteristics. In order to obtain a higher rate of survival of planting materials, it is important to establish a nursery that is accessible to the plantation that has a source of water.

Cultivation

Jatropha grows on all types of soil (ordinary soil, sandy, gravely or rocky soil) and adapts easily to different climates. It can survive a long period of drought by shedding most of it leaves. It can stand up to two years without rainfall. The tree also has a short gestation period, it will bear a several fruits starting at about 8 months old and be fully fruit bearing between one to two years. It can be adapted to marginal soils with low nutrient content but the use of organic fertilizer would result to higher yield. It grows best when planted at the onset of the rainy season. The distance of planting for commercial production is 2m x 2m apart but for hedges, the recommended distance of planting is 1m x 1m. The trees can also be planted on coconut plantations – intercropping the tuba-tuba under the coconut trees provided that it receives sufficient sunlight.

The plants must be watered up to two weeks after transplanting to ensure its continued growth. In order to obtain higher yield and better quality seeds, fertilizer application is recommended. To prevent wilting, plants must be watered after applying fertilizer. For rainfed areas, fertilizer can be applied during rainy season. Apply fertilizer at a depth of 5-10cm and a distance of 15-20cm away from the plant. Organic fertilizer is highly recommended for jatropha production.

Harvesting and Processing

Seeds can usually be harvested one year after planting. It is best to harvest the fruits when these have turned yellow to dark brown. Approximately two to three months after flowering, seeds should be collected when the capsules have split open. Seeds should not be dried in direct sunlight because it will affect its germination. One kilogram of jatropha seeds consists of 600 to 1,600 pieces of seeds. The potential yield of jatropha per hectare is 6 tons to as high as 1o tons depending on the site, climate and management of the plants. Seeds are de-hulled by using wooden plank and then winnowed to separate the hulls from the seeds. Before storing, the seeds must be air dried to 5% - 7% moisture content and stored in air-tight containers. Seeds can be stored up to one year at room temperature. Seeds for replanting can be gathered when fruits are already yellow to dark brown. Dry, black seeds can be used for oil extraction.

Technology

Oil Production

The extraction process involves the use of machines to extract the vegetable oil from the seed. This produces Jatropha crude oil, with hull and press cake as by products. Laboratory results show that around 2.9 kg of seeds produces one liter of crude oil.

Refining of oil into biodiesel

On the other hand, the transesterification of crude oil is a process which uses chemicals like methanol and catalysts such as caustic soda. This produces Jatropha Methyl Ester (JME) as its main product and glycerine as its co-product. 10 liters of crude oil can produce 8.5 liters of JME.

The results of testing made on Philippine Forest’s JME show the great potential of Jatropha oil as a source of biodiesel. Laboratory tets showed that it passes the American (ASTM D6751) and European (EN 14214) standards for biodiesel. Moreover, analysis of Jatropha crude oil shows that it is comparable to bunker fuel.

Uses

Jatropha is a potential source of biodiesel for local production to replace a portion of the country’s dependence on imported oil. The extracted oil from jatropha can be used in diesel engines (in lover blends with diesel fuel). Blending of fuel can be done up to 20 percent (B20) without engine modification. Using jatropha as biodiesel reduces greenhouse gas emissions.

Jatropha can be grown on marginal and degraded land, thus, leaving prime agricultural lands for food crops, and at the same time restoring the fertility of these marginal lands. Aside from using the seed oil as biodiesel, the extracted oil can also be used in making soap. The leaves can be used for fumigating houses to expel bugs. The root extract can be used as yellow dye while the bark extract as blue dye. The seeds when pounded can be used for tanning while the roots, flowers and latex of the tuba-tuba plant are said to have medicinal properties.

With the ever increasing interest in biodiesel fuels, we may be one day get used to the idea that fuel for our vehicles was harvested from local plantations instead of using imported oil.

Economics

Initial investment for commercial plantation (2m x 2m) for one hectare ranges from Php31,009 to Php52,770. the return of investment ranges from 0.90 – 1.8 while payback period is between 2nd to 3rd year. Potential yield ranges from 6 tons to as high as 10 tons per hectare depending on the site, climate and tending operations.

References
1. Primer on department of Energy’s Alternative Fuels Program Web? FAQs
2. how to Grow Jatropha for Biodiesel-Philippine Forest Corporation

Prepared by the:
Agriculture and Fisheries Information Service
Department of Agriculture
Elliptical Road, Diliman, Quezon City 1100
Tel. No.: 9288741 local 2156
DA TIN No.: 000-845-895-000
Webpage: www.da.gov.ph
In coordination with
Philippine Forest Corporation
Old Namria Building, Lawton Avenue
Fort Bonifacio, Taguig City
Tel.: 8893573